新版八年级下U3-Traditional-skills-知识点讲解及练习

第1页共12页U3Traditionalskills一必记单词:description,describe,fishermen,although,fit,dive,ready,reach,attract,hang,require,practise,scissors,patternCharacter,health,simple,lovely二常考短语：papercutting,upto,setoff,upanddown,afterdark,nomore,allthetime三知识讲解及拓展1usedto&beusedtodoing&beusedtodousedtodosth过去常常做某事只用于过去时态Heusedtogotoschoolbybike.beusedtodoing习惯于可用于过去，现在，将来等时态Heisusedtogoingtoschool.beusedtodo被用于......可用于任何时态=beusedfordoingEg:1--Howisyourgrandma?--Sheisfine.Sheusedto________TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto_________outforawalk.Awatch,goBwatching,goCwatching,goingDwatch,going2Bamboocan_______paper.AusedtomakeBbeusedmakeCbeusedtomakeDbeusedtomaking2although虽然，尽管与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句。不能与but同时出现在句子中。Although比较正式，常用于句首；though多用于非正式文体，表示强调。Eg:--TheboycanspeakbothEnglishandJapanese_____heisonlyten.--Wow,whatacleverboy.第2页共12页AifBbecauseCalthough3fitadj.健壮的，健康的v.合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。Tokeepfit,sheeatsalotofvegetablesandfruits.Thiscoatdoesn’tfitme.4upto到达，至多有；uptonow到现在为止=bynowHisstorybooksareupto50.5setoff出发，动身=setoutTheysetoffatnight.6get/bereadyfor为......做好准备，beready准备好的.....Bereadytodosth准备做某事Mothergetsreadyfordinner.Tomisreadyfortheexam.Areyouready?I’mreadytogo.7tie...around..栓......在......周围Thegirltiesascarfaroundherneck.Tieto把......系在......Hetiedthehorsetoatree.Tieup系好，捆好Pleasetieupyoursafetybelt.8stop...fromdoing阻止.......做......=prevent...from=keep...fromTheheavyrainprevented/keptusfromclimbingthemountain.9reach&get&arriveReach及物动词，后直接跟表示地点的名词第3页共12页GetGetto+地点名词；gethere/theArriveArriveat+小地点；arrivein+大地点；可当不及物动词：Hearrived.10hang悬挂，吊悬挂：hang-hung-hung;绞死，吊死：hang-hanged-hanged11throw短语Throw...into把......扔进....Throwaway扔掉throwoff匆匆脱掉throwat向......扔去Hethrewastoneintotheriver.Throwawaythoseoldnewspapers.Don’tthrowoffyourcoat.It’scoldoutside.Tomthrewstonesatmydog.12require&needPlantsrequirewateringeveryday.TheyrequirethatIshouldappear.Ineedtobuyanewbike.Theroomneedstobecleaned.Youneedn’tcome.13nomore&nolongerNomore不再常用来修饰非延续性动词，表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作，多指数量上不再增加，程度不再加深。=not...anymoreRequire及物动词Requiretobedone;requiredoing;requiresbtodoNeed及物动词Needtodo;needtobedone;needdoing情态动词Needdo第4页共12页Nolonger不再相当于not...anylonger,在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，指某事从时间上讲以后不再发生，其时间不再延续。Henomorecomes.Wearenolongerstudents.Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisn’tastudentanymore.14mistake错误Makeamistake犯错误bymistake错误地，无意中MistakeAforB把A错认成BHemakesalotofmistakesingrammar.Itookherumbrellabymistake.IoftenmistakeLucyforLily.15after&laterAfter介词常用于过去时态，after+一段时间表示某段时间后Later副词常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间+later形容词意为“后来的”，修饰名词Aftertwoyears,hediedinLondon.TomleftforShanghaitwoweekslater.16keep短语Keepsb/sth+形容词：使......保持......;keep+形容词：保持某种状态；keep(sb)doing：不停地做某事Coatswillkeepyouwarm.Weshouldkeepoutschoolcleanandtidy.Theshopkeepsopentwelvehoursaday.第5页共12页Don’tkeeptalking.17名词+y=形容词Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的）luck(幸运）+y=lucky（幸运的）Ingood/bad/poorhealth健康状况好/不好keephealthy保持健康Forluck为了吉利；badluck倒霉goodluck好运18bemadefrom&bemadeofBemadefrom由......制成；看不出原材料Bemadeof由......制成；看得出原材料Bemadeupof由......组成Bemadeinto被制成.....Bemadein在......制造Theymadewinefromrice.Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseismadeofwood,Thedollismadeupoffourparts.19voice&noise&soundVoice嗓音；指喉咙发出的声音Noise噪声Sound泛指一切声音四语法--被动语态英语动词有两种语态：________________和___________________。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1、被动语态的构成第6页共12页英语动词的被动语态由____________________________构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.2、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupils(间接宾语)someadvice(直接宾语)→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.3、被动语态的时态一般现在时构成：助动词be+动词的过去分词例如：Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.一般过去时构成：助动词was/were+动词的过去分词例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.现在进行时构成：be+being+动词的过去分词例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.第7页共12页过去进行时构成：was/were+being+动词的过去分词一般将来时构成：will/begoingtodo+be+动词的过去分词例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.过去将来时构成：would/was(were)goingtodo+be+动词的过去分词现在完成时构成：助动词have/has+been+动词的过去分词例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?过去完成时构成：助动词had+been+动词的过去分词带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。在短语seesb.dosth.中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make,let等。巩固练习Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1、WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.__________________________________________________________________________2、Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek._______________________