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1.whatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritain`sindependentschools?AnindependentschoolintheUnitedKingdomisaschoolrelyinguponprivatesourcesforallofitsfunding,predominantlyintheformofschoolfees.InEnglandandWalesthetermpublicschoolisoftenusedtorefertowhatisnormallycalledinothercountriesaprivateschool,atermwhichoriginallyreferredtothoseschoolsnamedinthePublicSchoolsAct1868.Theseschoolsthemselvestendtopreferthetermindependentschool.2.whyistheUnitedStatesregardedasameltingpotandasalad?Themeltingpotisametaphorforaheterogeneoussocietybecomingmorehomogeneous,thedifferentelementsmeltingtogetherintoaharmoniouswholewithacommonculture.ItisparticularlyusedtodescribetheassimilationofimmigrantstotheUnitedStates;themelting-togethermetaphorwasinusebythe1780s.After1970thedesirabilityofassimilationandthemeltingpotmodelwaschallengedbyproponentsofmulticulturalism,whoassertthatculturaldifferenceswithinsocietyarevaluableandshouldbepreserved,proposingthealternativemetaphorofthesaladbowl–differentculturesmix,butremaindistinct.3.whydidAmericachangeitspolicyandenterworldwartwo?BecausetheGreatDepressionleadaworldwidewarfarecrisis.ButinthefaceoftheWarfarecrisis,thethinkingofisolationismandanthropocentrismfilledthesocietyofAmerica,mostofAmericanpaynoattentiononthewarofothercountries.ItwasuntilMarchof1941whenthewarfarefowestEuropeisbecomeincandescenttheCapitolHilladopttheActofLease.ThismarkedUSwasnolongerneutralstatebutamemberofAllies.ThanthePearlHarborincidentfinallymadetheUnitedStatesenterTheWorldWarIIonthesideoftheAllies.4.whatwereNixon'swell-knowncontributionsduringhispresidency?Nixonisnotedforhisdiplomaticforeignpolicy,especiallywiththeSovietUnionandChina,andhiseffortstoendtheVietnamWar.Heisalsonotedforhismiddle-of-the-roaddomesticpolicythatcombinedconservativerhetoricand,inmanycases,liberalaction,asinhisenvironmentalpolicy.Aspresident,Nixonimposedwageandpricecontrols,indexedSocialSecurityforinflation,andcreatedSupplementalSecurityIncome.ThenumberofpagesaddedtotheFederalRegistereachyeardoubledunderNixon.Headvocatedguncontrol,reducedspeedlimits,anderadicatedthelastremnantsofthegoldstandard.NixoncreatedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationandimplementedthePhiladelphiaPlan,thefirstsignificantfederalaffirmativeactionprogram.5.whatwasthecauseoftheAmericancivilwar?1.EconomicandsocialdifferencesbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.2.Statesversusfederalrights3.ThefightbetweenSlaveandNon-SlaveStateProponents.4.GrowthoftheAbolitionMovement.5.TheelectionofAbrahamLincoln.6.whatarethetwocharacteristicsoftheU.Sconstruction?theStatueofLibertyTheCapitol7.whatarethequalificationsforasenatorandarepresentativerespectively?Senator:1)eachsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,2)musthavebeenacitizenoftheUnitedStatesforatleastthepastnineyears,and3)mustbe(atthetimeoftheelection)aninhabitantofthestateheorsheseekstorepresent.Eachrepresentativemust:(1)beatleasttwenty-fiveyearsold;(2)havebeenacitizenoftheUnitedStatesforthepastsevenyears;and(3)be(atthetimeoftheelection)aninhabitantofthestatetheyrepresent.8.whataretheMajorpowersofthesupremecourt?TheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesisthehighestjudicialbodyintheUnitedStates,andleadsthefederaljudiciary.ItconsistsoftheChiefJusticeoftheUnitedStatesandeightAssociateJustices,whoarenominatedbythePresidentandconfirmedwiththeadviceandconsentoftheSenate.JusticesserveduringgoodBehaviour,whichterminatesatdeath,resignation,retirement,orconvictiononimpeachment.TheCourtmeetsinWashington,D.C.intheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtbuilding.TheSupremeCourtisprimarilyanappellatecourt,buthasoriginaljurisdictioninasmallnumberofcases.9.howdoesanAmericanuniversitychooseitsapplicants?Itwillthroughsomeaspects:transcript,academicperformance,extra-curricularachievements,personnel,inherence,artisticskills10.whataretheoriginsofthanksgivingday?Thanksgiving,orThanksgivingDay,isatraditionalNorthAmericanholiday,whichisaformofharvestfestival.ThedateandwhereaboutsofthefirstThanksgivingcelebrationisatopicofmodestcontention,thoughtheearliestattestedThanksgivingcelebrationwasonSeptember8,1565inwhatisnowSaintAugustine,Florida.Despiteanyscholarlyresearchtothecontrary,however,thetraditionalfirstThanksgivingpresentedbyChiefMassasoitisveneratedashavingoccurredatthesiteofPlymouthPlantation,in1621.11.whatistheessenceofAmericanpuritanism?1,puritanismisastrictreligiousdoctrine.2,puritanismalsohaspracticalaspects.Puritanshavetoworkhard,andpreparefortheobstaclestheywillmeetintheirlife.Americanpuritanismcontainsorigionalsin,predestination,totaldepravity,limitedatonementofGod'sgrace12.whatisthelostgeneration?TheLostGenerationisatermusedtorefertoacollectivegroupofartistsandwriterswhosettledinEuropeinthewakeoftheFirstWorldWar.MembersoftheLostGenerationlivedinEuropeinthe1920sandearly1930s,andtheyhadaprofoundimpactonsocietyandthearts.Thisgenerationisreferredtoas“lost”notbecauseithasfadedfrommemory,butbecausetheindividualsintheLostGenerationoftenexpressedasenseofemotionalconfusion,feelinglostintheirownsociety.13.whatarethecharacteristicsofAmericanwritingduringtheromanticp
本文标题:英美社会与文化试题参考答案(仅供参考)
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