英美文学复习资料

1英美文学复习资料EnglishLiteraryHistory1.BeowulfisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.2.Romanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.3.GeoffreyChaucerhasbeencalledthefatherofEnglishpoetry.HismasterpieceisTheCanterburyTales.4.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.5.EdmundSpenserisknownas“thepoets’poet”.MasterpiecetheFaerieQueeneisagreatpoemofitsage.6.ChristopherMarloweisthemostgiftedofthe“UniversityWits”.HismasterpiecesareTamburlaine,Dr.Faustus,theJewofMaltaandEdwardII.Marlowe’sgreatestachievementliesinthatheperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdramaandthecreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.7.WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoets.HisgreatesttragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.TheMerchantofVeniceisthemostimportantplayamongthecomedies.8.FrancisBaconisawell-knownRenaissancephilosopher,scientistandessayist.9.JohnDonneistheleadingfigureofthe“Metaphysicalschool.”10.Theneoclassicalperiod,thatistheeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofenlightenmentortheAgeofReason.EnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutinrevivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworksisknownasneoclassicism.11.Themid-centurywaspredominatedbyanewlyrisingliteraryform–themodernEnglishnovel.12.JohnBunyanwasadevoutChristian,andafirmnon-conformistoftheAnglicanChurch.HismasterpieceisthePilgrim’sProgress.(最成功的宗教寓言诗)13.AlexanderPope’sbestsatiricworkisTheDunciad(愚人志).14.DanielDefoe’sworksarethefirstliterarywritingsdevotedtothestudyofproblemsofthelower-classpeople.15.JonathanSwiftwasamastersatirist.His“AModestProposal”isgenerallytakenasaperfectmodel.16.HenryFieldingisregardedas“fatheroftheEnglishNovel”.Hewasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespecificallya“comicepicinprose”,thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.17.SamuelJohnson,asalexicographer,distinguishedhimselfastheauthorofthefirstEnglishdictionarybyanEnglishman–ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.18.RichardBrinsleySheridanistheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistoftheeighteenthcentury.Hisplays,especiallytheRivalsandtheSchoolforScandal,aregenerallyregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw,andasthetrueclassicsinEnglishcomedy.19.ThomasGray’smasterpiece,“ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,”establisheshisfameastheleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especially“theGraveyardSchool.”220.EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin1798withpublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.21.WilliamBlakewasliterarilythefirstimportantEnglishRomanticpoet.Symbolisminwiderangeisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.HismajorworksareSongsofInnocence,SongsofexperienceandMarriageofheavenandHell.22.WilliamWordsworth,togetherwithRobertSoutheyandColeridge,becameknownasthe“LakePoets.”HepublishedLyricalBalladsincollaborationwithColeridge.Theprefacetothiscollectionofpoemsisconsideredasdeclarationsofromanticism.23.SamualTaylorColeridgeandTheRimeoftheancientmariner24.GeorgeGordonByron’smasterpieceisDonJuan,whichwascalledcomicepicandmockepic.25.PercyByssheShelley’sgreatestachievementisPrometheusUnbound.Hismostwell-knownlyricis“OdetotheWestWind.”26.JohnKeatsisknownforhismanygreatodes.27.JaneAusten’sfirstnovelisSenseandSensibility.HermasterpiecesarePrideandPrejudice,andEmma.28.Novelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.29.Realismemphasizesobjectivity,straightforwardandmatter-of-fact,andadoptsacriticaltone.30.CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.Dickensisamasterofstory-telling,andCharacter-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworks.31.BronteSisters:CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronteandAnneBronte.Emilyischieflyfamousforheronlynovel,WutheringHeights.32.AlfredTennyson’smasterpieceisInMemoriam.33.GeorgeEliot,asapioneertothemodernpsychoanalyticalnovel,wasthefirstnovelistthat“startedputtingalltheactionsinside.”34.ThomasHardy’sworks,knownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment,”aremostrepresentativeofhimasbothanaturalisticandacriticalwriter.Influencedbynatureandenvironment.35.Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsychoanalysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.36.BernardShawisabrilliantdramatist.Mostofhisplaysareconcernedwithpolitical,economic,moral,orreligiousproblems,sohisplayscanbetermedasproblemplays.Hisplayshaveonepassiononly,thatis,indignation.37.JohnGalsworthyisamodernnovelist.HisfirsttrilogyisForsyteSaga:Themanofproperty,inchanceryandtoLet.38.WilliamButlerYeatswasawardedNoblePrizeforliteraturein1923.Hiswell-knownpoemis“sailingtoByzantium.”339.T.S.EliotwasoriginallyaveryfamousAmericanpoet,versedramatistandprosewriter.Hismajorpoemsare“thelovesongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”,and“thewasteland.”40.D.H.LawrenceisoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe20thcenturyandalsothegreatestfromaworking-classfamily.TheRainbowandWomeninLoveareregardedash