美国教育简介American-education

AmericanEducationContent★GeneralintroductiontoAmericaneducation★Fourlevelsofeducation★Highereducation★Grades,examsandqualificationsExercisesGeneralIntroduction•Respectforeducation•State-administratedratherthannation-administrated•12yearsoffreepubliceducation•Schoolyear•Schoolholidays•SchoolgradesbackEducationislikeabigwindowopening.Americansareproudofthefactthatthewindowofknowledgeisneverslammedshutforanyofthenation’scitizen.AllAmericanchildrenareoffered12yearsoffreepubliceducation&mostgoodstudentscangetfinancialhelptocontinuetheirstudiesformanymoreyears.Adultswhowishtoattendschoolalsofindmanyopportunities.Respectforeducation•Atthestatelevel,thereisthestateboardofeducation教育委员会whichisresponsibleforestablishingpolicies.•Atthedistrictlevel,eachlocalschooldistricthasagoverningboard管理委员会whichisresponsibleforthehiringofprofessionalandsupportstaff,determiningcurriculum,etc.AdministrationSchoolyear1.two-semestersystem2.three-semestersystemfallspring9－121-5fallspringSummer9－121-56-8ThanksgivingDay5-7daysWinterholiday3weekstoonemonthSpringholidayinMarch5-7daysSummerholiday3monthsSchoolGradesLevel/GradeTypicalAge(attheendoftheschoolyear)PreschoolVariousoptionalprograms,suchasHeadStartUnder6Pre-kindergarten4-5ElementarySchoolKindergarten5-61stGrade6-72ndGrade7-83rdGrade8-94thGrade9-105thGrade10-11MiddleSchool6thGrade11-127thGrade12-138thGrade13-14HighSchool9thGrade(Freshman)14-1510thGrade(Sophomore)15-1611thGrade(Junior)16-1712thGrade(Senior)17-18II.FourLevelsofEducation1.PreschoolEducation2.ElementaryEducationSecondaryEducation3.Post-secondaryEducation(HigherEducation)1.PreschoolEducation•Nomandatory(强制的，必须的)pre-kindergartenprogram•Familiesresponsibleforpreschoolorchildcare•DaycareCenter---frominfancyto3/4year-oldpreschooleducation---3/4-5year-old•Kindergarten---from5-year-old(beginningofcompulsoryeducation)2.ElementaryandSecondaryEducation★12academiclevels–grades.★Generally,oneacademicyear(fromSeptembertoJune)isrequiredtocompleteeachgrade.★Academicwork---learningtoread,write&doarithmetic---beginswhenthechildentersfirstgrade,ataboutage6.TwoWaystodivideelementaryandsecondaryeducationElementarySchoolorGrammarSchoolGrades1-8HighSchoolGrades9-12ElementarySchoolGrades1-6JuniorHighSchoolGrades7-9SeniorHighSchoolGrades10-12LOGOHigherEducationinUnitedStatesLOGO3.HigherEducationTheUSisworldleaderineducation.In1825,Englandhadonlytwouniversities:OxfordandCambridge,whiletheUShadoverfiftyuniversities.Bynow,thereareover2,000universitiesandcollegesthroughouttheUnitedStates.ThesystemofhighereducationintheUShas3principalfunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice.LOGODoctoral-levelinstitutionsMaster’scomprehensivecollegesanduniversitiesSpecializedinstitutions/TrainingtechnicalschoolsTwo-yearinstitutions/communitycolleges（两年制的社区大学)3.1ClassificationsofhighereducationLOGOCollegesfour-yearundergraduateinstitutionsmaybepubliclyorprivatelyfunded,orfundedbyareligiousgroup文学学士BAdegree(BachelorofArts)理科学士BSdegree(BachelorofSciences)工科学士BEdegree(BachelorofEngineering)硕士学位Master’sDegree(MA/MS/ME)博士学位Doctor’sDegree(Ph.D=DoctorofPhilosophy)LOGOTechnicalTrainingSchoolsRangingfrom6monthsto4yearsofferingawidevarietyoftechnicalskills,likehairstyling,businessaccountingandcomputerprogrammingetc.maybepubliclyorprivatelyfunded,ormaybefundedbyreligiousgroupandcharityorganizationsLOGOCommunityCollegesrangingfrom6monthsto2ormoreyears.nearlyalwayspubliclyfundedoffertrainingforavarietyofjobshasacademicprogramsReceiveanassociatedegree(准学士学位)aftercompletingatwo-yearprogramLOGO3.2HowtoSelectaCollege/UniversityFivecategoriesofhighereducationCurriculumPublicorPrivatethreesourcesofincome:Studenttuition,endowments(捐助，资助),andgovernmentfunding.BigorsmallLOGO3.3SuccessofApplicationsforaCollegeEducationstudent’shighschoolrecordsrecommendationsfromtheirschoolteacherstheimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversitytheirscoresontheScholasticAssessmentTests(SATs)LOGOSuccessfulapplicantsatcollegesanduniversitiesarechosenonthebasisof:a.theirhighschoolrecords;.b.recommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachers;c.theimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversity;d.TheirscoresontheSATsorACT.SATs学术能力评估测试是美国高中生的所谓“高考”，但能否读四年制大学并不取决于一个SAT分数。SAT由美国的CollegeBoard举办，在美国领土上每年举办7次，其它地方每年6次。考试用英语。SAT成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国名校学习及奖学金的重要参考。HighereducationGRE：GraduateRecordExamination美国研究生入学考试LOGO4.CollegeEntranceExaminationsSAT:ScholasticAssessmentTest学习能力评估考试(Mathematics&EnglishReading&EnglishWriting)ACT:AmericanCollegeTest美国大学考试Grades&Degrees•Collegegrades,fromhighesttolowest,runABCDF.•AnFisafailinggrade.•Americanuniversitiesoffer3maincategoriesofgraduatedegrees.Bachelor’sdegree学士学位Master’sdegree硕士学位APh.Ddegree博士学位LOGOAcademicDegreesandRegaliaBachelor’sDegreeMaster’sDegreeDoctor’sDegreeAcademicregalia,orHoodandgown,consistofagown/robewithaseparatehood,andusuallyacap(generallyeitherasquareacademiccap,atam宽顶无沿圆帽,orabonnet)LOGOTheIvyLeagueEightprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationintheNortheasternUS.Thetermalsohasconnotationsofacademicexcellence,selectivityinadmissions,andare