英语作文--常见英语应用文格式分析和样本(作文范例)

一、英文书信通常包括6个组成部分：信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期);信内地址（insideaddress，指收信人地址);称呼（salutation）;正文（body）;结束语（complimentary）;签名（signature）;1.信头（Heading）：信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。地址要由小到大，如下述：123TianheRoadTianheDistrictGuangzhou510620GuangdongProvinceP.R.C.March15,2002日期可有下列几种写法：①Oct.20,2004；②10May.,2004；③3rdJune,2004；④Sept.16th,2004。其中，①最为通用。2.信内地址（InsideAddress）：信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角。3.称呼（Salutation）称呼是对收信人的称谓。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如：DearProfessor/Prof.Bergen:DearDr.Johnson,对不相识的人可按性别称呼：DearSir:或DearMadam:DearLadies。如果不知收信人的性别则可用DearSirorMadam:4.信的正文（BodyoftheLetter）：正文是书信的主体。英文书信开头直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。1)英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构,即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。2)美式结构则是齐头式结构，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。缩进式：DearKate,IwonderifyoucanlendmeyourMLAHandbookforAcademicWriting.Iamintheprocessofwritingmygraduationthesis,andneedtoconsultthebooknowandthenforstandardformatting.ThusImightneedtokeepthebookforaboutamonthandahalf,andIhopethatwouldnotbringanyinconveniencetoyou.IassureyouthatIwillmaintainthebookingoodcondition.Ifpossible,pleasegivemeacallandIwillcomebyyourhousetopickupthebook.Thanksalot.Yours,Judy齐头式：DearKate,IwonderifyoucanlendmeyourMLAHandbookforAcademicWriting.Iamintheprocessofwritingmygraduationthesis,andneedtoconsultthebooknowandthenforstandardformatting.ThusImightneedtokeepthebookforaboutamonthandahalf,andIhopethatwouldnotbringanyinconveniencetoyou.IassureyouthatIwillmaintainthebookingoodcondition.Ifpossible,pleasegivemeacallandIwillcomebyyourhousetopickupthebook.Thanksalot.Yours,Judy5.结束语（ComplimentaryClose）在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Trulyyours,Yourstruly,Respectfullyyours,Yoursrespectfully,Faithfullyyours,Yoursfaithfully,Sincerelyyours,Yourssincerely，Yourstruly,Yours等。私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Sincerelyyours,Lovelyyours,Yourlovely,Yourlovingson/daughter等。6.签名（Signature）写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。上述六个方面，私人信件不拘形式。公务信件一般要严格按照要求来。在考试中，由于篇幅所限，一般只会要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。二、需要重点准备的几种书信形式1、申请信申请报考国外大学ApplicationsforGoingtoCollegeandUniversityAbroadDearsirs,IamastudentinthethirdgradeofNo.OneSeniorMiddleSchoolofChangsha,Hunan,China.IamplanningtoapplyforadmissiontoSmithCollegeinthefallof2000.Pleasesendmeacatalogue,applicationform,andinformationaboutyourentrancerequirement,andinformmetheexaminationdates.Verytrulyyours,申请奖学金和助学金ApplicationsforScholarshipsorAssistantshipDearsirs:Iampleasedtolearnofmyadmissiontotwo-yearprogramofstudiesleadingtodegreeofM.S.inpharmacy.Indeed,Ihavedreamedofthisopportunitysincecompletingmyundergraduatestudy.Inordertoreducethefinancialresponsibilityofmyparents,Iearnestlyhopetoobtainsomekindoffinancialaidintheformofteachingorresearchassistantship.Wouldyoukindlyconsiderthisrequestandadvisemeastothepossibilities?Shouldfurtherinformationberequired,pleaseletmeknowatyourearliestconvenience.Ilookforwardtohearinggoodnewsfromyou.2、电子邮件——是书信的一种MyOpinionAboutBeingOnTheInternet我对上网的看法DearTom,IwouldliketogivemyopinionaboutbeingontheInternet.MoreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsherearestartingusingtheInternet,throughwhichtheycangetagreatdealofthelatestinformation.Theycanenjoylessonsgivenbythebestteachersofnet-schoolsathome.Anditiseasyandconvenienttokeepintouchwithfriendsbysendingandreceivinge-mails.Ontheotherhand,somestudentshavespenttoomuchtimechattingandplayinggamesonthenet.Andthereisstillsomethingharmfultothestudents.Atlast,IsuggestthatstudentsshouldbegoodatusingtheInternetfortheirstudiesandnotbeonlineforlong.Yours,LiHua3、便条——便条是简短的书信，类似与上述书信格式，但还是有一些区别便条的构成：Date——日期Greeting——称呼Body——即正文部分Closing——礼词Signature——签名Example:April22,2011DearProfessorSmith,Iamveryhappytohavethechancetolistentoyourlectureon“AmericanLiterature”.ButitisapitythatIwaslatethatdayduetoaminoraccidentonmywaytothelecture,andfailedtogetthehandout.YourlectureisreallyinstructiveformyEnglishstudy,soIwonderifyoucouldkindlye-mailthehandouttotheaddress:[e-mail],Tom4、通知——严格意义上讲，通知不是书信，有固定的格式，不可变动围绕下述内容写一则通知。本周星期5下午4点在团委办公室召开全体学生干部会议．会议重要，请勿迟到缺席．学生会，2005.3.28。NOTICEWewillholdanimportantmeetingforallofthestudentcadreintheofficeoftheYouthLeagueCommissionat4o'clockpmonFirdaythisweek.Pleasedonotbelateorabsent.Studentunion2005.3.28