国际法院作用探讨

国际法院作用探讨陈滨生(汕头大学法学院,广东汕头515063):2001-04-27:(1960-),,,,,:国际法院是联合国的主要司法机关,但尚未发挥其应有的作用本文在国际法院规约的范围内,从国际法院管辖权的角度,探讨了加强国际法院作用的现实途径:有所侧重地利用其诉讼管辖;充分利用具有多种优势的特别分庭;而咨询管辖则为国际组织提供了预防与解决争端的新途径:国际法院;管辖权;作用;途径:DF97:A()92,,(),,,,,,1949,,,,,,,362,!1∀,,,(一)相关的公约对国际法院职权的限制1.921,,,,1982,,,,2.331:,,95:#,∃:,,,#33()∃!2∀,2332,,,#∃,,#∃1988(),#,∃,12112299,,,1988:;;;15020016233ModernLawScienceVol.,23.No.3Jun.,2001:1001-2397(2001)03-0150-07%%!3∀,3.341:#,∃,#:;;,∃!4∀,,,4.3963,30()(4472),,5.,38,,,,,,#∃!5∀,#,,,,∃!6∀,,,(二)各国对国际法院的政策取向也影响着其作用的发挥,,,:&&&,,,,,,197219731976,,,,,,,,362,,,363:#[],,∃!7∀#∃(ConnallyAmendment),#∃:#∃,,,#∃!8∀;!9∀,,,::,,;,,,,,,19471114171,,,1992,#962,,∃;#2000∋(,36,))∃;#,∃#;∃!10∀,,,151陈滨生:国际法院作用探讨,361:#,∃(一)在#自愿管辖∃方面,,,,36,#∃,,,,,,,,19691984#∃#∃,,,,,#∃,,,,,(二)在#协定管辖∃方面#∃,,,,,#∃,:()(),,!11∀1979,,19611963,#∃#∃,,,#∃,25919,!12∀,,,,,,(三)在#任意强制管辖∃方面#,))∃!13∀,362,,,,,,,,,,,,)#,∃!14∀#∃,,,,,,,,,,,,#,;∃!15∀#∃,,,,,:1.#∃,,,,,,,,2.#∃,,#∃,,,,,1984#∃,53,,152现代法学1986,3.#∃,,,,,,362,,,,4.#∃,,#∃,,,#∃,,,,,,#∃:,,:(1),5;(2)33();(3),!16∀,,,262:#,,,∃19811979,,263119811125,1982120#∃,,#∃,:(一)争端当事国对特别分庭的构成方面有选择权262172,,,,,4,4(),,(二)特别分庭简化了书面和口头程序92:#∃;#,,,∃;#,∃,,,,,#∃,,26!17∀#∃,198543,,,,1986616~26,1986122614!18∀(三)其它特点,,,,:,;;,,,#∃,,153陈滨生:国际法院作用探讨:96651,,,,7,!19∀,,,(一)咨询管辖为国际组织提供了预防与解决争端的新途径,,,,,,,,,,,,,,24!20∀,,,,,,1988#21∃,,1947,;,,;,,,,,#∃#∃,,,,:#,1947,21∃!21∀(二)咨询管辖对国际法的发展有积极影响,1949#∃,1951#∃,20211975#∃,:199678,199412#∃:,,,,,,:(1);(2)24,51;;(3)();(4),!22∀,,#∃,,,#∃#∃,,!23∀154现代法学#,24,∋(,,,∃!24∀,,,,,,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,#,,∃!25∀,,,,,,#∃!26∀,#∃#∃#∃,,,,,,,#,∃!27∀,,:!1∀!5∀!10∀.[M].:,1995.591,20,600-601.!2∀.[M].:,1999.605.!3∀!9∀!12∀!27∀.[M].:,1999.235&236,241,197,243.!4∀.[M].:,1998.223.!6∀!15∀!19∀.[M].:,1985.62,30,80.!7∀[]%J%.&&&[M].:,1990.358.!8∀.[M].:,1984.37.!11∀.[M].:,1989.23.!13∀RenataSzafarz.TheCompulsoryJurisdictionoftheInternationalCourtofJustice[M].TheNetherlands:MartinusNijhoffPublishers,1993.3.!14∀.&&&[M].:,1986.170.!16∀.[M].251,2612,29[M].15&17.!17∀!18∀[M].1984.255&256,554.!20∀.[M].:,1993.120.!21∀!23∀!24∀.[M].:,1998.371&372,478-479,479.!22∀LegalityofThreatorUseofNuclearWeapons,AdvisoryOpinion,AmericanJournalofInternationalLaw,No.1,1997.!25∀!26∀.[M].:,1985.61.OntheFunctionoftheInternationalCourtofJustice&&&WithinthespheresofthestatuteofICJCHENBin-sheng(LawSchoolofShantouUniversity,Shantou515063)Abstract:ItisamajororganoftheUNfortheICJ.Butithasnotyetplayeditsfunctionsitshoulddo.ItiswithinthespheresoftheStatuteandfromapointofviewonitsjurisdictionsforthispapertoanalyzetherealisticroutestostrengtheningtheICJ:layingparticularemphasisoncertainlitigiousjurisdictions;consideringthesuperiorityofSpecialChambers,tryingtomakefullusecertainlitigiousjurisdictions;consideringthesuperiorityofSpecialChambers,tryingtomakefulluseofit.Asfortheadvisoryjurisdictionsitoffersanewwaytopreventorsolvethedisputesforinternationalorganizations.Keywords:internationalcourtofjustice(ICJ):jurisdictions;functions;routes:夫子155陈滨生:国际法院作用探讨