grammar-构词法

WordFormation构词法构词法，就是指英语词汇构成的方法和规则。常见构词法有：合成法，词缀派生法，词性转化法，缩写法，截短法和混合法。构词法规则例证转化派生合成截短混合缩写词性的改变water,shop,warmheat,calm,boat…1.加前缀2.加后缀3.加前后缀unhappy,disappearcareful,uselessunhappily由两个或多个词合成face-to-face,mankind,spaceship1.截去词的前部分2.截去词的后部分3.截去前后部分aeroplane-planeadvertisement-adinfluenza--flu把两个词各取部分合成breakfastandlunch--brunch(早午餐)motorhotel-motel1.按字母读音2.像单词一样读FBINATO合成法Compounding合成名词；合成形容词；合成动词合成副词等合成名词变复数需注意的几点问题passer-bynew-comerfather-in-lawrunner–upcomrade-in-arms将主体名词变复数passers-bynew-comersfathers-in–lawrunners-upcomrades-in-armsFrenchmanEnglishmanwomanteachermanservantman,woman放词尾时,按man,woman的变化规则man,woman放词首时,前后都要变复数FrenchmenEnglishmenwomenteachersmenservants特例Germanboyfriendss合成形容词多有连缀符out-door,world-famous,easy-going注意：用连缀符连起来的名词一定要用单数*一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboyafiveyears’oldboyaboyoffiveyearsoldTrytoguessthemeaningofthesewords1.breakthroughnetworkbloodtestdeadlinedrycleaningweightliftingzebracrossinghardseat2.colour-blinddeaf-mutepeace-lovingstate-ownedfamiliar-soundingsimple-mindediron-hearted派生法常见词缀（金榜p17）