Grammar_word formation构词法

Grammar:WordFormation语法：构词法U4L2GrammarByCindy1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)WordFormation构词法通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:happy----unhappy(加前缀)----happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:water(n.)水water(v.)浇水enjoyableprefix前缀stem词干suffix后缀改变词义不变词性改变词性不变词义＋＋派生(Derivation):派生法(Affixation)1.前缀法（Prefixation）一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。①unhappyunknownunusualuntrueunimportantunableunkind概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。②im+adj.impossibleimpolite③in+adj.incorrect④dis+v.dislikedisagreedisappear2.后缀(Suffixation)概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的单词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。⑴表示“……的人”的后缀①-er……的人v.+erreaderworkerreporterleaderwaiterdesignerpaintern.+ervillagerfarmer②-or……的人actorvisitor③-ess表示女性，雌性actresswaitress④-ist……家，者artistviolinistpianist构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀①v.+mentmovement②v.+ion/sion/tion/ationactioninvitationdecision③n.+shipfriendshipmembership④adj.+nesskindnessillnesshappiness⑶形容词的后缀-able/ibleenjoyableterrible-alnationalinternational-fulcarefulusefulsuccessful-lesscarelessuselesshomeless-lyfriendlymonthlylonely-ycloudyluckyhealthynoisy-ous/iousdangerousserious⑷副词的后缀-lysuddenlyquicklyslowlycertainly-ward/wardsbackwardsforwardsoppositesfriendlyhappycomfortableluckyhealthyunfriendlyunhappyuncomfortableunluckyunhealthy“un-”necessarywelcomecommonableoppositespolitepossiblepatientimpoliteimpossibleimpatient“im-”dishonest“dis-”honest前缀例词a--构成形容词﹑副词asleep,alonedis-disappear,disagreeen—enlarge,enrichin-(il-,im-,ir)incorrectinter-international,mis-mistake,misunderstandre-rebuild,retelltele-telephone,telescopeun-;non-unfair,unknownnon-payment(不支付)(否定)(使可能)(相互,之间)（误）(重复,再)(远程)（不）(不,非)后缀例词名词--er…..者runner,swimmer-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地方人musician,Russian-ist专业人员artist,pianist--ment性质,状态government,movement--ness性质,状态business,happiness--or….者visitor,--tion表示动作,过程,结果suggestion合成法(Compounding)1.spaceshipclassroomgirlfriendpostmanhip-hop街舞2.blackboardwhiteboardgreenhousesuperstar3.runningwaterdiningroomdrinkingwaterreadingroom4.handwritinghorseriding5.warm-heartedcold-bloodedpart-timebroad-mindedman-madehandmade6.good-looking7.outsideinsidewithinwithout