直接引语变间接引语专题讲解,以及宾语从句的讲解

直接引语变间接引语专题讲解Iamthekingofthewholeworld.Whatdoesthelionsay?•直接引语就是一字不改的引述别人的话语。直接引语一般放在引号之内。•间接引语就是用说话人自己的话语引述别人的话语。直接引语为陈述句的时候•变为间接引语又that引导。引述动词为say，tell等等。同时，根据主句的要求，在人称、时态及其他方面作相应的变化。人称变化•“Iwanttobuyasuit,”hesaid.•Hesaid(that)hewantedtobuyasuit.•Hesaidtome,I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”•Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.指示代词的变化•Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.”•Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.状语的变化•Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”•Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.•nowthen•todaythatday状语的变化•Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”•Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto时态的变化•如果主句为现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。•主句的时态是过去时时：•从句中：一般现在时一般过去时•一般过去时过去完成时•一般将来时过去将来时•现在进行时过去进行时•现在完成时过去完成时•过去完成时不变一般现在时一般过去时•“Hedoesn’tappeartohavemuchmoney,”Isaid.•Isaidthathedidnotappeartohavemuchmoney.一般过去时过去完成时•“MysistertaughtmesomeofChinesecharacters,”shesaid.•ShesaidhersisterhadtaughthersomeofChinesecharacters.一般将来时过去将来时•“Therewon’tbeanyspareaircrafttomorrowmorning,”Itoldthemanager.•Itoldthemanagerthattherewouldn’tbeanyspareaircraftthenextmorning.现在进行时过去进行时•“Iamusingtheknife,”hesaid.•Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时过去完成时•“I’vemetyousomewherebefore,”Itoldthesecretary.•ItoldthesecretarythatIhadmethersomewherebefore.过去完成时不变•Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”•Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.•有时候直接引语是并列句或者是复合句，但是变化方法和上面的一样。•“ThisisthecraziestthingIhaveheardsofar,”shethought.•Shethoughtthatthatwasthecraziestthingshehadheardsofar.直接引语为疑问句的时候•直接引语为疑问句的时候，由whether，if或者是疑问代词、疑问副词引导，引述动词为ask，wonder等等。与直接引语是陈述句一样，要在人称、时态及其他方面作相应的变化。直接引语为一般疑问句•“Haveyougotanythoughtsaboutnextweekend?”heaskedme.•Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadgotanythoughtsaboutthenextweekend.直接引语为特殊疑问句•“Howmanyguestswerepresentattheparty?”Iaskedtheorganizer.•Iaskedtheorganizerhowmanyguestswerepresentattheparty.直接引语为祈使句的时候•直接引语为祈使句的时候，变为间接引语时，多用动词不定式。•“Dosomeshoppingforme,please,”hesaidtoher.•Heaskedhertodoshoppingforhim.注意事项1)人称2)时态3)相应的时间地点状语4)标点符号5）大小写6）问号改为句号7）语序---疑问改陈述8）宾语从句由什么引出9)祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述宾语从句1.Noonerealizeshispain.2.Noonerealizes(that)hehassufferedagreatdealofpain.宾语从句陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句一个句子做宾语1.陈述句做宾语that1.Weknowhim.Weknow(that)heisagoodman.宾语从句中that可省略2.I’velearned(that)lovehealsallwounds.3.我认为我们可能快迟到了。Ithink(that)wemaybelate.2.一般疑问句作宾语whether/if1.Doesheneedmyhelp?我不知道他需不需要我的帮助。Idon’tknowwhetherheneedsmyhelp.2.没人知道他会不会来。Nooneknowswhetherhewillcome.疑问句变陈述语序是否：whether/if2.没人知道他会不会来。Nooneknowswhetherhewillcome.Nooneknowswhetherornothewillcome.Nooneknowsifhewillcome.Nooneknewwhetherhewouldcome.3.特殊疑问句作宾语Whereisthepostoffice?我不知道邮局在哪里。Idon’tknowwherethepostofficeis.疑问句变陈述语序疑问词变作连接词小结1.陈述句(that)+句子2.一般疑问句whether/or+陈述语序3.特殊疑问句how/when/where…+陈述语序4.引导词that不能省略的情况，以及形式宾语的讲解。见语法书p311