基于+ANSYS+的桥式起重机结构力学性能分析及优化

西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文2西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文3西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文2基于ANSYS的桥式起重机结构力学性能分析及优化专业：机械设计及理论硕士生：刘玉峰指导老师：张晓钟教授摘要随生产规模的扩大及自动化程度的提高，桥式起重机应用越来越广泛，所起的作用也愈来愈大，这样对桥式起重机的要求也越来越高，安全、可靠、经济。而目前CAD技术在起重机行业应用水平参差不齐，很多企业CAD技术的应用仅仅停留在绘图层面上，力学性能分析还是手工计算，费时费力。面对桥式起重机轻型化智能化发展大趋势，桥式起重机设计必须改变传统的设计模式。传统桥式起重机设计主要采用经典力学，并进行大量假设，导致计算结果准确性差，一方面强度富余，另一方面结构件事故时有发生，如结构断裂及折断。所以在起重机设计时在考虑静态特性的同时必须考虑起重机动态特性。而目前动态设计还没有发展成熟，很多人也进行了探索，但是深度还是不够，所以，对桥式起重机动态研究还是困难重重。随着计算机的发展，有限元软件ANSYS发展比较成熟，有限元法得到广泛应用，其计算结果准确性得到认可。所以，本文应用ANSYS建立QD型电动双梁桥式起重机有限元模型，并进行静力、优化和动力分析。在建模时，尽可能忠实于图纸，无关紧要的部分进行简化，以提高计算精度。在静力有限元分析时，先对满载小车组成的模块进行静力有限元分析，得到其支撑反力然后作用到桥架上，这样得出静力分析结果之后，利用静力分析结构，并用APDL语言对桥式起重机进行优化设计，设计出安全、可靠、经济的产品。得出优化后的尺寸和尺寸对目标函数的灵敏度。最后对优化后的起重机有限元模型进行动力学分析，主要进行模态分析、瞬态分析和谐响应分析。模拟起重机的工况，主要有启动、制动和突然卸载。关键词：桥式起重机；ANSYSANSYSANSYSANSYS；静力学分析；优化设计；动力学分析西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文TheTheTheTheAAAAnalysisnalysisnalysisnalysisofofofofMMMMechanicalechanicalechanicalechanicalPPPPropertiesropertiesropertiesropertiesandandandandOptimumOptimumOptimumOptimumofofofofOverheadOverheadOverheadOverheadCraneCraneCraneCraneStructureStructureStructureStructureBasedBasedBasedBasedononononANSYSANSYSANSYSANSYSSpecialty:MechanicalDesignandTheoryPostgraduate:LiuYufengInstructor:Prof.ZhangXiaozhongAbstractAbstractAbstractAbstractWiththeexpansionofproductionscaleandimprovementthedegreeofautomation,theapplianceofthecraneiswidespreadandtheroleofitplaysissignificant,sotherequirementsafety,reliabilityandeconomyonthecraneareincreasinglyhigh.CurrentlylevelsofCADtechnologyappliedincraneindustryareuneven.TheapplicationofCADtechnologyinmanycompaniesismerelyindrawinglevel.Mechanicsperformanceanalysisusingmanualcalculationistime-consumingandlaborious.Facingcranetrendofintelligenceandlight,themethodofcranedesignmustchangefromtraditionaldesignmode.Traditionalcranedesignmainlyadoptstheclassicalmechanics,andanumberofassumptions,whichresultsinpooraccuracy,handstrengthofsurplus,ontheotherhandstructurewhentheaccidentoccurred,suchasstructuralfractureandbreak.Sointheprocessofcranedesign,thecharacteristicsofstaticandthedynamiccharacteristicsofcranemustbeconsideredatthesametime.Whilenowadaysdynamicdesignisnotyetmature,manypeoplehavealsobeenexplored,butthedepthisnotenough,so,theresearchesoncranedynamicfacedifficulties.Withthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,thefiniteelementanalysissoftwareANSYSdevelopmentmoremature,finiteelementmethodhasbeenwidelyappliedanditsresultofcalculationaccuracyisrecognized.So,inthispaper,ANSYSisusedtoestablishthefiniteelementmodelofoverheadcraneandcarryonthestatic,optimumanddynamicanalysis.Inthemodel,throughasfaithfullyaspossibletobeofpartdrawingandsimplificationinreason,itcanimprovetheaccuracyofcalculation.Inprocessofthestaticfiniteelementanalysis,thefirstmoduleofthestaticfiniteelement西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文4analysisisthetravelingcrabfullyloadedandthesupportingreactionforceandeffecttothebridgecanbeobtained,sotheresultismorepractical.Afterthebridgecraneforthestaticcharacteristicsofanalysis,bridgecranedesignusingAPDLlanguagemakeproductsafe,reliableandeconomical.Theresultsshowthattheoptimizedsizeandthesizesensitivity.Finally,theoptimizedcraneiscarriedondynamicanalysis,whicharemodalanalysis,transientanalysisandharmonicresponseanalysis.Intheprocessofdynamicfiniteelementanalysis,craneoperationstarting,brakingandsuddenunloadingcanbesimulated.KeywordKeywordKeywordKeyword::::bridgebridgebridgebridgecrane;ANSYS;staticscrane;ANSYS;staticscrane;ANSYS;staticscrane;ANSYS;staticsanalysis;analysis;analysis;analysis;optimizationoptimizationoptimizationoptimizationdesign;dynamicsdesign;dynamicsdesign;dynamicsdesign;dynamicsanalysisanalysisanalysisanalysis西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文I目录1绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1本课题研究背景....................................................................................................11.2本课题相关研究成果概述....................................................................................11.3本课题研究的主要内容........................................................................................22QD型电动双梁桥式起重机参数化模型的建立........................................................52.1QD型电动双梁桥式起重机简介...........................................................................52.1.1QD型电动双梁桥式起重机的构造特点.......................................................52.1.2QD型电动双梁桥式起重机的主要技术性能参数.......................................52.1.3QD型电动双梁桥式起重机的运动特性.......................................................62.2有限元理论与ANSYS软件概述.............................................................................62.2.1有限元基本思想............................................................................................62.2.2有限元法的优点............................................................................................72.2.3ANSYS中的有限元.........................................................................................72.2.4ANSYS软件概述.............................................................................................72.3桥式起重机参数化有限元模型的建立.........................