英语四六级阅读理解训练题1-10

一InformingtheWorldEveryday,thenewsoftheworldisrelayedtopeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers,over400millionradiosets,andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsisshownbymotionpictures,intheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare,fewerarestillconcernedexclusivelywiththeeventsoftheirownhousehold.AstheEnglishwriterJohnDonneputitnearlyfourhundredyearsago,nomanisanisland.ThisideaismoreappropriatetodaythanitwaswhenDonnelived.Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongstosomesociety;andwearebecomingmoreandmoreawarethatwhateverhappensinoneparticularsocietyaffects,somehow,thelifeanddestinyofallhumanity.Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthemodernworldforaboutfourhundredyears.MostofthenewspapersprintedtodayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,soontheymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld,thankstothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaperpublishing.Electronicsandautomationhavemadeitpossibletoproducepicturesandtextfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographicreproductioneliminatestheneedfortypeandprintingpresses.Andfewerspecialists,suchastype-setters,areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythephoto-offset(照相平板胶印)method.Therefore,thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinesbecomesmoreeconomical.Furthermore,photo-copiescanbesentovergreatdistancesnowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus,picturescanbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanpreviously.Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphoto-copiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Thousandsoflettersandfiguresofdifferentsizesandthicknessescannowbearrangedonablackglassdiscthatisonlyeightinchesindiameter,tobeprintedinnegativeform(whiteonablackbackground).Thedisconthemachineturnsconstantlyattherateoftenrevolutionsasecond.Abeamoflightfromaslroboscopic(频闪的)lampshinesonthedesiredlettersandfiguresforaboutIwo-millionthsofasecond.Thentheimageofthelettersandfiguresthatwereilluminatedisprojectedontoafilmthroughlenses.Thesectionoffilmislargeenoughtoholdtheequivalentofapageoftext.Thereisakeyboardinfrontofthemachinethatissimilartothekeyboardofatypewriter,andthemachineoperatorhasonlytostriketheproperkeysfortheimageofthecorrespondingletterstobeimmediatelytransferredtothefilm.Thenegativeimageonthefilmcanquicklybetransferredontopaper.Thismethodmakesitaseasytoreproducephotographsandillustrationsasitistoreproducethetextitself.Film,beinglightandsmall,canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetextwheretheyareneeded.Filmimagescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.Televisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswithinsightofthesendingstationoritsrelay(中继).Althoughtelevisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycancoverawiderregion,theystillcannotcovermorelandthanonecouldseefromthesamehilltoponaclearday.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere,andifthereisarelaystationonasatellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcantransmitthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthesatelliteisvisible.Threesatellitespermanentlyrevolvingovertheequatortransmitanytelevisionprogramtoanypartoftheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworldeditionsofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabuttonandseeanewspaperpageonhistelevisionscreen.Hecouldalsodecidewhenhewantsthepagetoturn,and,bydiallingdifferentnumberssuchasthoseonatelephonedial,hecouldchoosethelanguageortheeditionofthepaperhewantstoread.Itseemsstrangetothinkthat,eventoday,methodsofthepastarenotentirelyuseless.Forexample,sometimespressagenciesthatuseradioandTelstarusecarrierpigeonstosendmessagesbetweenofficesinlargecitiesbecausethepigeonsarenotbotheredbytrafficproblems.ItmaybesometimebeforetelevisionsetsbecomecommonintheaveragehomesinAfricaandAsia.However,radioisalreadyrapidlybecomingaccessibletothousandsofpeopleintheseareas.And,nowthatgoodradiosarebeingmadewithtransistors,andtheirpriceisgraduallydroppingbecauseofmassproduction,itmaynotbetoolongbeforeradiosbecomecommonplaceinareaswhichhavenonewspapers.Transistorsmakeitpossibleforpeopletocarrysmallradioswherevertheygo,withoutneedofelectriccurrent.Eventelevisionsetsarenowoperatingontransistors,andthepocketTVmaysoonbeaswidespreadasthepocketradio.Nowthatscientificprogressismakingitpossibletosendthenewstoalltheinhabitantsoftheearth,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderwhatnewsisgoingtobesenttothem.Nomatterwhatcriteriaareusedinmakingthedecision,adecisionmustbemade,sincenoonewould'havetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythingthereisgoingonintheworld!Peoplewhohavetimetoreadseveralpaperscanalreadycomparedifferentreportsofthesameevent.Whenaneventhaspoliticalsignificance,eachpaperreportsitfromthepointofviewofitsownpoliticalbeliefsorpreferences.Ideally,ofcourse,theexpressionofeditorialopinionshouldbelimitedtotheeditorialpage,andthenewsarticlesshouldbeobjective—tellingthefactsascompletelyaspossible,withouttryingtogivethemaparticularinterpretation,orwithoutotherwisetryingtoinfluencethereader'sopinion.However,reportersandeditorsareonlyhuman,andiftheyhavestrongpoliticalbeliefsitisalmostimpossibleforthemtohidethem.Ifeditors