完善我国司法鉴定制度的若干思考

11.22.3.31.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.46.7.8.5AbstractForensicauthenticationfallsintothesamecategoryofevidencejurisprudence.Beingtheactivityofscientificmaterial,ithasthenatureofscience.Objectivityandneutrality.Theexpertconclusion,asoneofthelegalevidence,hasthefunctionofevidenceandofexaminationandjudgementofevidence,soitiscalled“kingofEvidence”.Thereforeanewtermcomesintobeing-courtscience.Theforensicauthenticationplaysanactiveroleinimprovingthejudicialefficiency,safeguardingitsfairness,andmaintainingthesocialjusticeandsoon.6Inthefirstpart,itmainlytalksaboutthedevelopingprocessofforensicauthentication.1.Ageofdivinityevidence.Thereisnowayofusingman’sintelligenceandskillstosolvethedifficultiesandidentifythejudgementintheperformanceofprimitivereligionsociety.PeoplebelievedinthatGodcanhelpthemsolveallthedifficultiesandtheycanpraisethekindnessaswellaspunishingtheeviliftheycompliedwithGod’sintention.2.Ageofwitnesstestimony.Withthedevelopmentofpeople’scapacityofknowingthesocietyandofthestrongsensetowardstatepower,theycometorealizethatforensicauthenticationisnotonlyasimplearbitration,buthasthecharacteristicasatoolforastatetocontrolandsuppresstheanti-socialactivitiesandforthegovernortorealizehiswayofmanagement.Themoredubioustheyfeeltowardthenon-rationaljudicialprovingmethodofdivinityevidence,themoretheyrealizetheimportanceofgoverningjudicialjudgement.3.Ageofmaterialevidence.Peoplecontinuetorealizethatonlythewitnesstestimonyisnotenoughtosettlethespecialproblemsinlitigationcaseswiththeimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialscientificandculturalknowledge.Inaddition,therearemoredrawbacksinthetrialwaytogetthedepositionandthencausetheinjustice.Ithasbecomeacommonsenseandtendencyofapplyingthescientificskillstoanalyzeandidentifythespecialproblemsso7thanitwillcomplywithsystemofwitnessevidencetoconstituteacompleteprovesystem.Thesecondpartgivesafullanalysisthebasicconnotationoftheforensicauthentificition.Themainreasonofthejudicialpracticeinrealisticusingandaffectingthejudicialliesindeterminingthecasefactsinsteadoftheproblemsonappliedlawbasis.Butthebasisofidentifyingthecasefactsisonevidence.Innowadays’activitiesofjudicialproving,forensicauthenticationhasbecomeanimportantwayandmethodtofindthetruthofcasefactsamongtheformsofevidenceandplayedaspecialrole.There,wecanmakeaconclusionthatthekeytoimprovingtheevidencesystemistoreformoursystemofforensicauthentication.1.Weshouldunderstandthedefinitionofforensicauthentication.2.Forensicauthenticationistheunityofscienceandlaw.3.Thenatureofforensicauthenticationreferstotheproperjudiciallawneutralityandobjectivity.4.Itsnaturedecidesthespecialfunctionoftheconclusionofforensicauthenticationintheevidencesystem.5.Astotheclassificationofforensicauthentication,it’soneofthebasisandcriterionstonormalizetheworkofforensicauthentication.Itpointsoutmanydrawbacksinourcurrentsystemofforensicauthenticationinthethirdpart.Oneistherepeatedsettingofthe8instituteandseparatedmanagementresultinginahugewasteofexpendresources;oneisthatthereisnocleardistinctionbetweenthejudicialfunction,administrativefunctionandthefunctionofverificationortheso-calledcaseofinvestigationonitsown,caseofprivateprosecutionandcaseofself-determination,andtheotheristhelowlevelofstandardizationandlaw-makinginforensicauthentication.Thelastpartfocusesontheurgentproblemsinoursystemofforensicauthenticationfromeightaspects:1.Howtheforensicauthenticationtomakelawincludinguniformanddecentralizedlegislation,standardsoflegislationandthetwoinstancesystems.2.Toestablishthescientificinstituteofforensicauthentication,includingsolvingthemainproblemsinourcurrentsystem,theprincipleweshouldobeyinestablishingandthestepsweusetoadjusttheinstitute.3.Toimprovethesystemofidentifier,includingthepresentproblemsinitandtheschemes.4.Toestablishafairsystemofexpertandtheplanstoimproveit.5.Toimprovetherelativesystemsonexpertconclusion,includingtheexaminationsystem,theremedysystemandtheresponsibilitysystem.6.Toestablishthesystemofprobativeterm.7.Theissuesaboutlawaidinforensicauthentication,includingthemeaning,theobjectandtheprogramoflawaid.8.Thestandardizationof9forensicauthentication,includingtheprincipleofforensicauthentication,theprocedurestandardizationofentrustingandacceptingandhearingacase,thestandardizationofverifyingandidentifying,andthestandardizationofexpertisereport.Toeachspecificissues,itprovidesmanycorrespondingwaysandmethodstosolvethem.Thereisstillalongwaytogoinimprovingoursystemofforensicauthentication,Imyselfjustputforwardsomeideasandadvisesonitfrommyownexperience.Pleasegivemesomeadvise,ifthereisanyinappropriateness.13356910911111414161818202426283334365052115311ContentsPreface…………………………………………………….1I.TheDevelopingProcessofForensicAuthentication………3i.AgeofDivinityEvidence………………………………3ii.AgeofWitnessTestimony………………………………5iii.AgeofMaterialEvidence……………………………….6II.TheBasicConnotationoftheForensicAuthentication….9i.UnderstandtheDefinitionofForensic12Authentication………………….…………………….9ii.ForensicAuthenticationistheUnityofScienceAndlaw……………………………………………………11iii.TheNatureofForensicAuth