M4U1-Grammar-and-usage-1

Teachingaims•Previewnewwords.•Knowaboutthedefinitionofdirectspeechandreportedspeech.•Learnsomerules.•Exercisespublisheramazedseniordesignerrecommendpurchasebest-sellern.出版商,出版公司adj.大为惊奇adj.年长的;资历较深的,地位(或等级)较高的n.设计者，设计师vt.推荐vt.购买n.畅销书，畅销品WordspreviewT:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:Iate…T:WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeaten…directspeechreportedspeechShesaid,‘ChinahasbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.’ShesaidChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.reportedspeechdirectspeechWhat’rethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandreportedspeech?Differencesdirectspeechreportedspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportthemeaningofwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆NoquotationmarksHowtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeecha.Changewhathasbeensaidtoanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.Howtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeecha.把所说的话改成宾语从句或不定式;b.改人称;c.改时态;d.改时间状语和地点状语;e.改指示代词和方向性动词.一.改人称:一随主，二随宾，三不变若直接引语有第一人陈，变间接引语时，人称与主句的主语保持一致。若直接引语有第二人陈，变间接引语时，人称与主句的宾语保持一致。若直接引语有第三人陈，变间接引语时，人称不变。Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.Changepersonalpronouns:“ShehasgonetoHongKong,”saidTom.TomsaidthatshehadgonetoHongKong.1.Alicesaid,“I'vejustgotaletterfrommyfather.”Alicesaidthat__________justgotaletterfrom______father.sheherhad2.Hesaidtome,“Youareagoodstudent.”He______methat__________agoodstudent..toldwasI二.改时态:1.若主语谓语是现在时形式，则变间接引语时，时态不变。Shesays,“Iwillcleanthebedroom.”2.若主语谓语是过去时形式，则便间接引语时，时态变成相应的过去时。如下表：Shesaysthatshewillcleanthebedroom.DirectspeechReportedspeechDirectspeechReportedspeech一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时过去完成时现在完成时过去进行时一般过去式过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时过去进行时Thechangesofthetenses一般过去时Practice:Changethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1.‘Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionary,’thestudentsaid.2.Tomsaidtothem,‘Iwillgetexcited.’3.Myfathersaidtome,‘Iamreadingthebook.’Thestudentsaidthathehadn’tbroughthisdictionary.Tomtoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.Myfathertoldmethathewasreadingthebook.三.改时间状语和地点状语;指示代词和方向性动词.DirectspeechIndirectspeechthisthatthesethosebringtakecomegoDirectspeechReportedspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onWednesday,etc.tonightthatnightyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onWednesday,etc.lastnightthenightbeforeaweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforeDirectspeechReportedspeechtomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onThursday,etc.nextmonththenextmonth/thefollowingmonth/inJuly,etc.nextweekthenext/followingweekherethereHesaid,‘Ilostakeyhereyesterday.’Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.‘Ireadthebookhereaweekago,’Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.1.‘Iwillcomeandseeyouagainnextweek,Tom,’hesaid.2.‘IsawTomlastnight,’shesaid.3.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,‘Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.’HetoldTomthathewouldgoandseehimagainthefollowingweek.Shesaidthatshe’dseenTomthenightbefore.Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenext/followingday.Shesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewantedthat.MaysaidtoTom,“I’llbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarIIendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter(没有过去时形式)&could,should,would,might(已经是过去时形式)等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShetoldmethatImusthurryup.Mr.Wangsaid,“Youhadbettercometoschoolnow.”→Mr.WangsaidIhadbettergotoschoolthen.5.直接引语中凡有When，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”→HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”→Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.1.Mr.Smithsaidtothegirl,“IwillcomeheretoseeyounextSunday.”Mr.Smith_____thegirlthat_____________theretosee___________________Sunday.toldhewouldgoherthefollowingQuizI2.Hetoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.He________me,“Afriendinneed___afriendindeed.”saidisto3.Hesaidthathelikedthefilmverymuch.Hesaid,“_________thefilmverymuch.”Ilike1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooked…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayQuizII单项选择2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Theman