定语从句-关系代词jl-高一

一、定语从句及相关概念定语：如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.定语从句用来修饰名词或代词的成分。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。定语从句2.先行词：3.关系词：关系词分关系代词和关系副词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定成分的单词叫关系词。二关系代词的作用和种类（一）关系代词：代替先行词并在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语。（二）种类：which,that,who,whom,whose,as1.whichThesearethetrees(whichwereplantedlastyear).Thisrecorder(whichheisusing)ismadeinJapan.Thisisthelibrary(whichyouborrowbooksfrom).Thisisthelibrary(fromwhichyouborrowBooks).（三）关系代词作用:指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)2.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）①Theman（（who）Italkedwith）isourteacher.②Aperson（whostealsthings）iscalledathief.注意：先行词为不定代词all,anyone,one,ones，those等且指人时，一般只用whoThose(whowanttogoplease)signtheirnameshere.3.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman（(whom/who)Inoddedto）isMr.Li.Theman（towhomInodded）isProfessorLi.4.that指人/物，作主语，宾语(作宾语可省略），表语①Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachine（thatcanfly）.②Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman（(that)Itoldyouabout）.③Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace.Itusedtobethepoorplace.Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace(thatitusedtobe).注意：介词提前时只能用which,whom而不能用that。1.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?2.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.5.whose代人或物，作定语2)whose紧跟n.，即whosen.①Mr.King(whoselegwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.②Isawsometrees(whoseleaveswereblack).1)先行词既可是人也可是物①That’sthechild(whosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.)②That’sthechild(whosewelookedatdrawingjustnow.)1.Themanismyboss.Hisdogwaslostlastweek.Themanismyboss(__________dogwaslostlastweek).whose2Thehouseismine.Itswindowisbroken.Thehouse(______windowisbroken)ismine.whose①Mr.King(whoselegwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.3)转化whose为ofwhich/ofwhom②Isawsometrees(whoseleaveswereblack).Mr.King(thelegofwhomwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.Isawsometrees(theleavesofwhichwereblack).6.as:在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被such,thesame,so修饰时，常用as来引导①Iboughtthesamepen(asyouhave).②Suchbooks(asyoubought)areuseless.③Thefoodissodelicious(aseveryonelikes).①I’dlikethesameshirt(asyouarewearing).②Thisisthesameknife(thatIlostyesterday).三that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Hewasthefirstthatcametoschooltoday.What’sthebestfilmthatyouhaveseen?Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等时。(2)先行词被theonly,thevery,all,every,no,some,any,little,few,much等修饰时。(3)先行词是序数词或最高级或被其修饰时。(4)先行词既有人也有物时，宜用“that”(5)主句中已有疑问词“who”或“which”(6)关系代词在从句中作表语Doyouknowthethingsandthepersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace(thatitusedtobe).关系词先行词从句成分备注关系代词who人主语，宾语whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语whose人，物定语that人，物主语，宾语，表语which物主语，宾语as人，物主语，宾语as做宾语一般不省略Relativepronounsusedinattributiveclauses先行词指人指物主语who/thatwhich/that宾语who/whom/that/∮which/that/∮定语whosewhose/ofwhich表语that如何确定关系词1.确定定语从句范围2.确定先行词（名词或代词）指人或指物3.确定先行词在定语从句中做什么成分定语从句练习：一见word练习二定语从句练习：1.Theonlything___wecoulddowastoaskthepolicestationforhelp.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as2.TheGreatWallisthelastplace___Mr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what3.Hereisthegirl___schoolbaghasbeenstolen.A.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which6.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersons___theyremembered.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who7.Isthistheshop___sellschildren’sclothing?A.whatB.whichC.inwhichD.where8.Thehouse___windowsarebrokenwasboughtbymygrandfatherlastyear.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.ofthat10.Thisisthebiggestlaboratory___wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./11.Heistheonlyoneoftheworkers___Englishinthefactory.A.thatknowsB.thatknowC.whohasknownD.whohaveknown13.I’moneoftheboys___neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois14.I’dlikeacar___frontlightsarebigandround.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.ofwhich16.Isthisthefactory___theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whatC.whereD.theone18.Idon’tliketheway___youlaughather.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.whyD.where19.Thepaper___bambooismadeisespeciallyfine.A.whichB.intowhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich21.Isthistheoldman___youtookapictureathisbirthdayparty?A.whoB,thatC.ofwhomD.theone22.That’stheScienceMuseum___wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichc.inwhich23.Manylettersreachedtheyounggirl___weallthoughtshouldhavebeenmadedirectorofthecompany.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.forwhom24.That’sthefactory___wepaidavisitlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich25.Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich26.All___isneededistohaveagoodrest.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which27.Thereason___I’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.A.becauseB.whyC.forD.as28.Shestillremembersthedays___shewasinthecountry___shewasyoung.A.as,thatB.which,whenC.when,asD.duringwhich,that29.Thedays___Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when,whenB.when,thatC.that,whichD.that,that30.Isthistheeconomiczone___hevisitedhisfriendtheotherday?A.thatB./C.theoneD.where31.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who32.Thech