中国食品冷链物流模式毕业论文

青岛理工大学毕业论文I目录摘要·····························································································II关键词····························································································IIABSTRACT·······················································································IIIKEYWORDS·····················································································III前言·····························································································IV第1章绪论···················································································11．1食品冷链物流现状及营销策略综述引文···································1第2章冷链物流基础信息····································································32．1什么是冷链物流··································································32．2冷链物流的适用范围····························································3第3章冷链物流市场分析····································································43．1冷饮物流市场分析·······························································43．2肉制品冷链物流市场分析······················································43．3速冻食品冷链物流市场分析···················································53．4乳制品冷链物流市场分析······················································5第4章冷链物流的发展分析·································································64．1冷链物流的意义··································································64．2冷链物流在中国的现状·························································64．3冷链物流的发展趋势····························································64．4冷链物流的发展模式探讨······················································84．5冷链物流在中国的发展中所存在的问题·································12第5章麦当劳与夏晖公司——共生的“鱼”··········································145．1案例——麦当劳的食品冷链物流···········································145．2案例分析与总结································································18结论·····························································································21致谢·····························································································22参考文献·························································································22青岛理工大学毕业论文II摘要冷链物流泛指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量，减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。它是随着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程。冷链物流所涉及的冷藏商品大多是我们的日常消费品，包括、禽蛋类、肉及肉制品类、水产品类、果蔬类、奶业与冷饮类、医药类等。近年来，随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，冷藏商品的消费量越来越大。与冷藏商品密切相关的冷链物流发展非常迅速，但总体来说，冷链物流的发展仍然跟不上市场的需求。据专门研究和考察全球冷藏食品供应链市场的一些美国专家估计，目前中国食品年供应量总额为1500亿美元，到2017年将达到6500亿美元，年均增长率为17%。在这种情况下，从宏观的角度来看，我们有必要建立我国冷链物流市场的整体营销策略。根据发达国家的经验看，冷链物流市场的整体营销策略主要有两个，一是社会化运作策略，二是企业运作策略。论文通过各种营销与物流统计数据及冷链物流案例分析系统构出现代冷链物流尤其是食品冷链物流的市场模式以及未来的趋势。关键词：冷链物流，食品冷链物流，冷链物流发展模式青岛理工大学毕业论文IIIAbstractColdChainLogisticsreferstorefrigeratedorfrozenfoodsintheproduction,storageandtransportation,marketing,toconsumptionineveryaspectoftheformerisalwaysintheprovisionoflow-temperatureenvironmentinordertoensurefoodquality,reducefoodconsumptioninasystematicproject．Itiswiththescientificandtechnologicalprogress,thedevelopmentofrefrigerationtechnologysetup,basedonfreezingtechnology-based,low-temperaturerefrigerationtechnologyasameansoflogisticprocesses．Refrigeratedcoldchainlogisticsinvolvedinmostofoureverydaygoodsconsumergoods,including,eggs,meatandmeatproductscategory,aquaticproducts,fruitandvegetablecategory,milkandcolddrinks,medicineetc．Inrecentyears,asChina'seconomicdevelopmentandimprovementoflivingstandards,consumptionoffrozengoodsisgrowing．Closelyrelatedgoodsandcoldchainlogisticshasdevelopedrapidly,but,overall,stilllagbehindthedevelopmentofcoldchainlogisticsneedsofthemarket．Accordingtospecializedresearchandstudytheglobalfrozenfoodsupplychainmarket,someAmericanexpertsestimate,China'ssupplyoffoodintotal150billionU．S．dollars,to2017willreach650billionU．S．dollars,averageannualgrowthrateof17%．Inthiscase,fromamacropointofview,weneedtoestablishthecoldchainlogisticsmarketinChina'soverallmarketingstrategy．Accordingtotheexperienceofdevelopedcountries,seecold-chainlogisticsmarketasawholemarketingstrategyhastwomain,first,theoperationofsocialpolicy,andsecond,businessoperationsstrategies．Paperthroughavarietyofmarketingandlogisticsandcoldchainlogisticscaseofstatisticaldataanalysissystemandconstitutesthepracticeofmoderncoldfoodcoldchainlogisticsinparticular,themarketmodelandfuturetrends．KEYWORDS:ColdChain,ColdChainLogistics,ColdChainLogisticsModel青岛理工大学毕业论文IV前言新中国的冷链最早产生于上世纪50年代的肉食品外贸出口，并改装了一部分保温车辆。1982年，中国颁布《食品卫生法》，从而推动了食品冷链的发展起步。近20年来，中国的食品冷链不断发展，以一些食品加工行业的龙头企业为先导，已经不同程度地建立了以自身产品为核心的食品冷链体系，包括速冻食品行业、肉食品加工企业、冰淇淋和奶制品企业及大型快餐连锁企业，还有一些食品类外贸出口企业。中国平均食物年产值约为3000亿美元，超过20%的食物由于没有很好地冷藏，在运输过程中浪费掉了。仅水果、蔬菜等农产品在采摘、运输、储存等物流环节上损失率就达25%至30%，每年有总值约92．5亿美元的农产品在运输中损失掉，腐烂损耗的果蔬几乎可满足两亿人口的基本营养需求，损耗量占世界首位。而发达国家的果蔬损失率则控制在5%以下。由于缺乏完善的冷链，也造成了某些食品零售价高居不下。因为一些容易腐坏食品的售价其中七成是用来补贴在物流过程中弄坏货物的支出。而按照国际标准，易腐物品物流成本最高不超过其总成本的50%。与此同时，中国对高价值的冷冻和易变质食品的生产和消费都在增加，这更增加冷链市场的巨大缺口。据专家估算，目前中国已有冷藏容量仅占货物需求的20%至30%。2006年我国各类易腐食品总产量近7亿吨；城镇居民的食品消费支出中，易腐食品的消费已占51%，全国年易腐类食品消费量约2．4亿吨。目前我国的肉类食品厂有2500多家，年产肉类6000万吨，产量以每年5%左右的速度递增；速冻食品厂2000多家，年产量超过