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语法专项六—连词一、连词的定义:连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词,是虚词,因此它不能独立担任句子成分。二、连词的分类:连词主要分为两大类——并列连词和从属连词。三、并列连词:并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括:and,or,but,so,for,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas.(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,aswellas(2)表选择关系的or,either…or(3)表转折关系的but(4)表因果关系的for,so1、and:和,并且(1)表示“和”、“而且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,短语与短语,句子与句子。Eg:Hegotupandputonhishat.Eg:IwenttotheSummerPalaceandhewenttoBeiHaiPark.(2)单词或词组如果是三个以上连接,一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”Eg:MaryvisitedBeijing,ShanghaiandHongKong.(3)and用于祈使句中,句型:祈使句,and…=Ifyou…,you'll…Eg:Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway.Eg:Hurryup,andyou'llcatchthebus.=Ifyouhurryup,you'llcatchthebus.2、or:或,或者,否则(1)or表示“或”的意思,用于两者之中选择一个。Eg:Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?(2)注意“AorB”作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词(B)而定。Eg:TomorIamright.Eg:LiMingorhisclassmatesarecleaningtheroom.(3)用于祈使句中,句型:祈使句,or…=Ifyoudon't…,you'll…译成“请…,否则…”,有转折的意思。Eg:Hurryup,oryou'llmissthebus.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llmissthebus.Eg:Studyhard,oryou'llfailintheexam.=Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,you'llfailintheexam.3、but:但是,可是,而(1)但是,而,可是。表示转折关系。Eg:Heisold,buthelooksveryyoung.(but后面省略了主语LiLi,因为与前面的主语成分相同)Eg:Marylikesviolin,butTomdoesn't.(doesn't后面省略了likeviolin,因为与前面的成分相同)(2)在英文中,but和although不能在一起使用。Eg:Althoughitwasraininghard,buttheywentonworking.(错)Eg:Itwasraininghard,buttheywentonworking.(对)Eg:Althoughitwasraininghard,theywentonworking.(对)4、so,for(1)so:所以,因此,于是Eg:Myteacheraskedmetogo,soIwent.(2)so除了作连词外,也可以作副词。Eg:Ihopeyoucanpasstheexam.Ihopeso.Eg:Don'twalksofast.(3)for:因为Eg:Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastired.Eg:Thesunhasrisen,forthebirdsaresinging.5、both…and:和,既……也……(两者都)(1)both…and…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg:BothLiMingandLiLiaregoodstudents.(2)both…and的否定句表示部分否定。Eg:Hecan'tplayboththeviolinandthepiano.(不全会)Eg:BothLiMingandLiLiarenotgoodstudents.(其中一个是好学生)6、either…or和neither…nor(1)either…or:或……或……;不是……就是……1)either…or…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词随其邻近的词,即or后面的词而定。(就近原则)Eg:Eitheryouorheisright.Eg:Eithermysisterormymothercomes.2)either···or的否定句是全否定。Eg:Eitheryouorheisn'tright.你和他都不对Eg:Idon'twanttovisiteitherTianjingorShanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。(2)neither…nor:既不……也不……1)构成的词组做主语时,谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样,由nor后面的词而定。(就近原则)Eg:NeitheryounorIamright.Eg:Neitheryounorhewasselectedforthejob.2)neither···nor是全否定,因此不能再用否定式,即不能再加not。Eg:(×)NeitherYounorIamnotright.7、notonly…butalso:不但……而且notonly…butalso构成的词组担任主语时,谓语动词随butalso后面的部分而定。(就近原则)Eg:Notonlyyoubutalsoyourfatheriscoming.Eg:Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswereagainsttheplan.8、aswellas:又、不但···而且(1)aswellas构成的词组担任主语时,谓语动词随前面的词而定。(就远原则)eg:Jimaswellashisparentsjoinsintheparty.(2)该句型可以和“notonly…butalso”互换,notonlyA…butalsoB=BaswellasA,前者强调的是B,在notonly之后,后者强调的也是B,在aswellas之前。翻译时,要先翻译aswellas后面的词。Eg:Thechildisnotonlyhealthybutalsolively=Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。四、从属连词:从属连词用来引导从句,它包括:that,when,while,as,till,until,after,before,since,because,if,though,although,so…that,assoonas常见的从属连词有:1、that:(1)that引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句,Eg:Ithink(that)helikesfootball.(2)如果主句的动词是think,believe…;如果主句的主语是第一人称,变为否定句时,要否定主句,译成中文时,则否定从句。(否定前移)Eg:Ibelieveyouwillleavehere.Eg:Idon'tbelieveyouwillleavehere.2、when,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,since…when,while,till,until,since,after,before,assoonas等是连接时间状语从句的连词。当主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。(1)注意while所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,不能用点动词。(如begin,stop…)Eg:WhileIread,shesang.Eg:Ienteredtheroomwhile(when)LiMingwastalkingwithher.(2)since引导的是一个过去时的句子,说明自当时以来到现在(自从两年前以来),主句一般要用现在完成时。Eg:IhavelearnedmorethantwothousandEnglishwordssinceIbeganlearningEnglishtwoyearsago.(3)till和until若主句的动词是终止性动词,则要用否定式。Eg:Ididn'tgotosleepuntil(till)Ifinishedmyhomework.Eg:Wewon'tworkuntil(till)ourteacherteachesushowtodoit.Eg:Hestayedtheretill/untilhismothercameback.(4)Eg:Whenhearrivesthere,hewillcallyou.Eg:HecametoChinaafterthewarwasover.=ThewarwasoverbeforehecametoChina.Eg:AssoonasIgetthepresent,I’lltellyou.3、because:因为,连接原因状语从句(1)回答Why问句时,只能用because,不能用for或as.Eg:Whyareyoulate?BecauseImetatrafficaccidentonmywayhere.(2)汉语中,我们经常说因为……所以,但在英文中有了because,就不能再用so。Eg:(×)Becausehewastired,sohecouldn'twalkthere.4、if,though(although)(1)if:如果(引导条件从句)Eg:Youcanpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.(2)though,although:虽然(引导让步状语从句)和原因状语从句一样,如果用了though,although(虽然)就不能再用but(但是)。Eg:Although(Though)Ilivenearthesea,I'mnotagoodswimmer.=Ilivenearthesea,butI'mnotagoodswimmer.5、so…that:太……以致……若that后跟的从句是否定从句,可以与too···to互换。Eg:Heissooldthathecan'twork.=Heistoooldtowork.Eg:TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tliftit.=Theboxistooheavyformetolift.Eg:Thegirlissobeautifulthateverybodylikesher.注意注意此句型与too…to的互换。so…that在肯定句中不能转换成too…to…。代词专项习题1.Goingtothemoviesisgood,________Ireallyonlylikelisteningtomusic.A.andB.butC.soD.or2.Thetomatoisinfactafruit,________itiseatenasavegetable.A.becauseB.ifC.whenD.although3.Getupearly,________you’llbelateforschool.A.soB.andC.orD.but4.________mycousinisveryyoung,________shecanhelpwiththehousework.A.Once;不填B.Though;butC.Although;不填5.Iwillbeveryhappy________youcometomyparty.A.ifB.thoughC.or6.Hehadabadcold,________hekeptonworkingasusual.A.soB.butCthough7.—Whathappenedjustnow?—Acarhitanoldladyatthecrossing.Shewash
本文标题:中考英语连词讲义+习题
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