句子成分和结构

动词代词名词形容词副词介词连词v.pron.n.adj.adv.prep.conj.查词典学单词，要看懂和记住什么？1)掌握单词词性数词冠词num.art.9种词性2)看例句掌握单词在句中位置oneapple;twolittleboysanidea;agoodidea;thebluesky数词/冠词+(形容词)+名词主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性查词典学单词，要看懂什么？1)掌握单词词性动词代词名词形容词副词介词连词v.pron.n.adj.adv.prep.conj.he,I,it等him,me,it等主格宾格2)看例句掌握单词在句中位置Ilikehim.Heisfondofit.Cn.(pl.指常用复数)Un.Manyboysleave.Hespendsmuchmoney.Thelittleboyisgoodatmath.Luckily,Ioftenwalkquietly.注意固定搭配vt.vi.(~+介词+sb./sth.)Iseehim.Ilookathim.②注意8大主要时态Atnight,IlistentosongswithTomwhoisgiftedformusic.①注意固定搭配Hecriedbecausehewassadandhungry.注意固定搭配主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性1)Iseehim.2)Ilookathim.3)Ilikehim.4)Heisfondofit.5)Manyboysleave.6)Hespendsmuchmoney.7)Thelittleboyisgoodatmath.8)Luckily,Ioftenwalkquietly.9)Atnight,IlistentosongswithTomwhoisgiftedformusic.10)Hecriedbecausehewassadandhungry.动词存在于几乎所有句型里！以动词为中心展开，找规律！动词在句中的这个位置被称为“____”谓语位置被称为谓语前的这个主语谓语后的这个位置被称为宾语简单句5大结构之一：之二：主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语谓语肯定是动词，那主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？【注意时态和语态】谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？Somerobotscandance.Herunsslowly.Eightisaluckynumber.Doingsportsishealthy.Toclimbbuildingsisdangerous.Whenwewillgoclimbingisunderdiscussion.candanceisisrunsiswillgo谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？Sheplaysthepiano.Heteachesme.Oneandtwoequalsthree.Ienjoyrunning.Hewantedtorun.Ithinkthatheisintheclassroom.playsteachesequalsenjoywantedthinkiswe名词代词数词动词ing短语to+动词短语连词+句子名词代词数词动词ing短语to+动词短语连词+句子主语和宾语这两个位置的词/词组的词性是一样的(涉及5大词性)：名词、代词、数词、动词ing、to+动词原形、连词+句子主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语is副词算什么成分呢?形容词算什么成分呢?介词短语算什么成分呢?Hebecameascientist.Thewatchishis.Oneandtwoisthree.Weareathome.Theideasoundsgood.Hekeepscrying.Histaskistocleanthewindow.Thatisbecausethejobisboring.观察以下句子中，谓语动词后的词/词组的词性becameisisaresoundskeepsisisis名词代词数词动词ing短语to+动词短语连词+句子介词短语形容词8大词性宾语只有5大词性，为什么这里有8大词性呢？因为这种谓语是“______”：系动词be动词持续类:“看起来像”感官类:变化类:持续类:keep,remain,stay“看起来像”seem，appear感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel变化类:become,grow,get,go,turn,fall简单句5大结构之三：主语+系动词+表语区别于宾语的5大词性，系动词后这个位置被称为“表语”①Mr.Liteachesushistory.②Myfathertellsusastory.③HegaveMaryaredpen.④Ilendhimmanybooks.⑤Sheboughtmeabike.⑥Hemadehiswifeakite.观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构之四：tellsboughtteacheslendgavemadeushistoryusastoryMaryaredpenhimmanybooksmeabikehiswifeakite主语+++谓语指人的名词/代词物体名词间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)表达物体的来去或交换的动词=Myfathertellsastorytous.=HegavearedpentoMary.=Ilendmanybookstohim.=Sheboughtabikeforme.=Hemadeakiteforhiswife.tellstogavetotolendboughtmadeforfor“主谓双宾”结构换写成：主语++++谓语直接宾语(物)间接宾语(人)to(给)for(为)①HisfathernamedhimJack.②Jackpaintedthewallwhite.③Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.④TheteacherasksTonytositdown.⑤Wesawherenteringtheroom.⑥Wesawahorsetiedtothetree.主语+++谓语名词/代词namedpaintedfoundaskssawsawhimJackthewallwhiteeverythingingoodorderTonytositdownherenteringtheroomahorsetiedtothetree名词动词ing短语to+动词短语介词短语形容词动词ed短语说明物体情况的词宾语宾语补足语观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构之五：1)Birdsfly.2)Theylikesinging.3)Tomgivesthemfood.4)Wehearthemtalking.5)Wearestudents.Birdsfly.Theylikesinging.Tomgivesthemfood.Wehearthemtalking.Wearestudents.__语__词动谓名词、代词、数词、动词ing、to+动词原形、连词+句子名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语动词ing、to+动词原形、连词+句子be动词持续类:keep,remain,stay“看起来像”seem,appear感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel变化类:become,grow,get,go,turn,fall【思考】如果动词不在谓语这个位置，有什么特点？Doingsportsishealthy.Toclimbbuildingsisdangerous.Ienjoyrunning.Hewantedtorun.Hekeepscrying.Histaskistocleanthewindow.TheteacherasksTonytositdown.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wesawahorsetiedtothetree.以谓语动词为中心展开，观察处于非谓语位置时，动词的特点isisenjoywantedkeepsisaskssawsawDoingsportsToclimbbuildingsrunningtoruncryingtocleantositdownenteringtied不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词非谓语动词的形式：①动词ing②to+动词③动词过去分词简单句与简单句之间通常是___号、_____号、___号或分号（；）句感叹问YesterdaywasTuesday.Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchanything.Whatapity!Why?英语中的逗号呢？=Tomwonthefirstplaceinthecontestanditmadehisparentsproud.=Tomwonthefirstplaceinthecontest,whichmadehisparentsproud.=Tomwonthefirstplaceinthecontest,makinghisparentsproud.除了用标点符号体现简单句，可以用以下方式：①加连词（and/but/so…）②变从句③使用非谓语动词并列句主从复合句Tomwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.Itmadehisparentsproud.句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾补定语、状语这两种成分的位置比较灵活，要靠作用来判断那些句子里，我们发现的位置：①这是我的朋友。②这是来自美国的学生。我的来自美国的对比两组句子的中英文“语序”（即单词排列顺序）：【观察和发现】中英文中，定语的异同：加上修饰成分（尤其后置定语或状语）后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生______。变化都用于修饰名词Thisismyfriend.ThisisastudentfromAmerica.myfromAmericareallybeautifulthingsboiledriceaswimmingpoolaswimmingfish单个形容词单个动词过去分词单个动词ing形容词+名词★动词过去分词、动词ing≈形容词★副词可以修饰形容词+名词1）用于修饰名词2）中文里为“…的***”真正美丽的东西煮熟了的饭游泳池一条游动的鱼真正美丽的东西煮熟了的饭游泳池一条游动的鱼reallybeautifulthingsboiledriceaswimmingpoolaswimmingfish桌子上的书有画的书我们喜欢的书站在树下的男孩被Tom表扬的男孩一些吃的东西thebookonthedeskthebookwithpicturesthebookthat/whichhaspicturesthebookthat/whichweliketheboywho/thatstandsunderthetreetheboystandingunderthetreetheboywho/thatarepraisedbyTomtheboypraisedbyTomsomethingtoeat桌子上的书有画的书我们喜欢的书站在树下的男孩被Tom表扬的男孩一些吃的东西thebookonthedeskthebookwithpicturesthebookthat/whichhaspicturesthebookthat/whichweliketheboywho/thatstandsunderthetreetheboystandingunderthetreetheboywho/thatarepraisedbyTomtheboypraisedbyTomsomethingtoeat表位置“的”含动词短语“的”名词++名词介词短语定语从句(主谓要完整)非谓语动词短语1）用于修饰名词2）中文里为“…的***”表示_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、______、______、______和_____的词/词