1美国文化之新大陆的发现MicrosoftPowerpoint演示文稿

ChapterOneDiscoveryof“NewWorld”Ⅰ.Name,territory,population,nationalbird,capital,nationalflag,nationalanthem,greatsealⅡ.AmericanIndiansⅢ.Discoveryof“NewWorld”Ⅳ.Whofirstdiscoveredthe“NewWorld”?Ⅰ.Name,territory,population,nationalbird,capital,nationalflag,nationalanthem,greatseal•ThefullnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica.NewYorkCityfrom1789to1790Philadelphiafrom1790to1800Washington,theDistrictofColumbiaWashingtonD.C.U.S.A.isthefourthlargestcountryintheworldwithalargeterritoryof9,372,600squarekilometers(CIA:9,631,418)onlynexttoRussia(17,075,400squarekilometers),Canada(9,970,000squarekilometers)andChina(9,598,077squarekilometers).•U.S.A.hasthethirdlargestpopulationtheworldoverandnowthepopulationhastopped300million(2006-10-1711:46),onlynexttoChinaandIndia.whitebaldeagleRobin(redbreast)EmuCanadagoosekiwiGoldeneagleIndianpeacockGoldenPheasantRed-crownedCraneTheUnitedStatesnationalflagis“starsandstripes”(nickname:oldglory),andwasmadebyapatriotictailoresscalledMrs.BetsyRossinPhiladelphia.ThesecondcontinentalcongressadopteditonJune14,1777andthisdayisobservedastheflagday.•Resolved,ThattheflagoftheUnitedStatesbethirteenstripes,alternateredandwhite;thattheunionbethirteenstars,whiteinabluefield,representinganewConstellation.•June14,1777theFlagResolutionBetsyRossFlagBetsyRosspresentingthefirstAmericanflagtoGeorgeWashingtonBetsyRossHouseislocatedseveralblocksfromIndependenceHallManypeopletaketheredandwhitetostandforthebloodofthosewhogavetheirlivesforfreedom,andthepresumedpurityofthefreedomideal,respectively.•Thestarisasymboloftheheavensandthedivinegoaltowhichmanhasaspiredfromtimeimmemorial;thestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightemanatingfromthesun.•abookabouttheflagpublishedbytheCongressin1977•WetakethestarsfromHeaven,theredfromourmothercountry,separatingitbywhitestripes,thusshowingthatwehaveseparatedfromher,andthewhitestripesshallgodowntoposterityrepresentingLiberty.------GeorgeWashingtonUnionJackEUTheUnitedStatesnationalanthemisthe“star-spangledbanner”andwaswrittenbyanAmericanyouthcalledFranciscoScottKeyduringtheSecondWarofIndependencefrom1812to1814.OnMarch3,1931,thesongwasformallymadethenationalanthemafterPresidentHerbertHooversignedtheCongressbill.DefenseofFortMcHenry•Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawn'searlylightWhatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'slastgleaming?Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfightO'ertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?Andtherocket'sredglare,thebombsburstinginairGaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthereOsay,doesthatstar-spangledbanneryetwaveO'erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?astrongdesireforpeace,butwillalwaysbereadyforwar.“apreferenceforpeace”EPluribusUnum(OfMany,One”)Apyramidunfinished.Inthezenithaneyeinatriangle,surroundedbyaglory,proper.----1782resolutionMDCCLXXVIEyeofProvidence(all-seeingeye)AnnuitCœptis(noddedat(our)beginnings.)NovusOrdoSeclorum(neworderofages)Ⅱ.AmericanIndians1originsoftheAmericanIndians2featuresandpopulationoftheAmericanIndiansWhen?TheycametotheAmericasabout25,000yearsago.How?TheycamethroughtheBeringStraitbyship?TheycamethroughaLandBridge?TheycamethroughanIceBridgeduringthewinterdaysaboutfromOctobertoAprilofthenextyear?Why?intendedtofindnewhuntinggroundschasedbyenemiesnevertofindanywaterintheirhomeland.Whereandwho?TheycamefromSiberia(Siberians)Mongolia(Mongoloids)NorthChina(HanChinese).NazcaLinesTheyareyellow-skinned,andhavebroadfaces,highcheekbonesandblackandthickhairandbeard.Theyare(mostly)colorblindandtheirfingershavenofiguresofgongs.Wheninwartimetheypainttheirfacesredandsotheyarealsocalled“redmen”.WhenChristopherColumbusarrived,itwasestimatedthattherewereabout25millionAmericanIndiansinthewholewesternworld.NownativeAmericansandAlaskaNatives(EskimosincludingInuitsandAleuts)makeup2percentoftheAmericanpopulation,withmorethan6millionpeopleidentifyingthemselvesassuch.warfareepidemicdisease(smallpox,typhus,influenza,diphtheria,measles)displacementwipeoutthebuffaloAmericanbuffalo(Bison)BisonbeingchasedoffacliffAmericanbisongallopingWorld'sLargestBuffaloinJamestown,NorthDakotaattheFrontierVillage“TheonlygoodIndianisadeadone.”ExterminationreservationassimilationTrailoftearsWhilesomeAmericanIndianswerehistoricallyhunter-gatherers,manypracticedaquacultureandagriculture.Theycreatedmonumentalarchitecture,large-scaleorganizedcities,chiefdoms,states,andmassiveempires.ThemostfamousthreeareAztecs(Mexico),Mayas(MiddleAmerica),andIncas(Peru).InnumerablecropsfirstdomesticatedbyindigenousAmericansarenowproducedandusedglobally.maizeorcorn,squash(pumpkins),pintobean,limabeans,tomato,potato,peanuts,cacaobeans,cucumber,strawberries,pineapples,peppers,sunflowerseeds,rubber,somespeciesofcotton,tobacco,cocaMaize,LimabeansandpintobeansWatertowerinRochester,MinnesotabeingpaintedasanearofmaizecactusⅢ.Discoveryof“NewWorld”1reasonsofthediscoveryof“NewWorld”2VoyageofChristopherColumbus3VoyageofJohnCabot4VoyageofAmerigoVespucci5VoyageofFerdinandMagellanThroughtheRenaissance(“revivaloflearning”),peoplebecameenligh