我国食品召回制度的研究

我国食品召回制度的研究（硕士论文摘要）专业：法律硕士研究方向：经济法（商法）作者姓名：汪华指导教师：孙效敏人类文明可分为物质文明和精神文明，前者为人类的生存与发展提供了物质基础，后者则提供了智力支持。而食品是物质文明的重要组成部分，可以说，一国食品安全状况标志了其物质文明的进步，从而间接决定了其精神文明的发展。随着科技的进步，全世界粮食产量大幅提升，各国关注的食品安全问题已从食品数量保障过渡到了涵盖食品质量的全方位保障。目前对食品安全的监管方式可谓种类繁多，召回制度作为食物链中的最后一道保障得到了各国的普遍重视，食品召回制度率先在美国等发达国家建立。我国于2009年6月1日颁布实施的《食品安全法》第53条明确规定“国家建立食品召回制度”，食品召回制度最终在立法上得到体现。食品召回制度的设立具有预防性、无偿性、大众性、实体法与程序法兼容性等特征。然而由于我国的食品召回制度起步晚，存在召回配套法规不全、召回监管责任不明等制度上缺陷；另外，存在监管者的经验不足、生产者的责任意识不强、社会大众对召回不了解等问题，我国的食品召回制度仍然需要完善。今年年初的“三聚氢胺”乳品重新上市事件再一次暴露了我国食品召回制度的缺陷，严重危害了我国的食品安全。因此，为完善我国食品召回制度对其进行研究，具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。全文主要分为四个部分。第一部分介绍了食品召回制度的概念与特点。首先对相关概念进行介绍，引出我国食品召回的现状，然后同国外的相关概念进行分析和比较，指出食品召回制度的起源；其次对食品召回制度同召回制度存在共性和自身特点做出分析，为食品召回制度提供理论支持。第二部分论述了食品召回制度在国外的立法和实践。主要介绍了美国、澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大在食品召回制度上的立法和实践，并分别对他们进行分析和总结，学习国外的成功经验。第三部分探讨了在我国建立食品召回制度的意义和困境。首先从保护食品安全、创造企业商业信誉、维护社会公平、降低交易风险和提升我国国际形象等角度阐述食品召回制度的积极意义；其次根据我国的具体实际情况，从食品召回制度、溯源机制、召回主体责任意识、监管效率和召回成本等角度分析面临的困境。第四部分提出了对我国食品召回制度的构建与完善的建议，为全文重点。着重在完善食品召回法律制度、明确监管部门职责、制定食品安全标准、完善食品质量控制体系和溯源机制和建立召回保险等方面提出建议。【关键词】：食品安全食品召回监管法律制度ResearchontheLegalSystemofFoodRecallinChina(Abstract)Major:MasterofLawResearchDirection:Economiclaw;BusinesslawAuthor:WangHuaTutor:ProfessorSunXiaominThehumancivilizationcanbedividedintomaterialcivilizationandspiritualcivilization,bothofthemplayanimportantroleforhumansurvivalanddevelopment,theformerprovidesmaterialbase,whilethelatterprovidesintellectualsupport.Foodasanimportantpartofmaterialcivilization,generallyspeaking,thefoodsecuritysituationaboutacountryrepresentsitsmaterialcivilizationprogress,whichindirectlydeterminesitsspiritualdevelopment.Withadvancesintechnology,thewholeworldfoodproductionissignificantlyimproved,thefoodsafetyissuesofmostcountryconcernedtransitfromthefoodquantityprotectiontothefullrangeoffoodsafety,especiallythefoodqualityprotection.Therearemanyregulatoryapproachesaboutfoodsafety,thefoodrecallsystemasthelastindemnificationtoprotectthefoodsafetyinthefoodchainiswidelyvaluedbyeachcountry.OnJune1,2009,ChinapromulgatedtheFoodSafetyLawandArticle53specifiesthatthenationwouldestablishfoodrecallsystem,foodrecallsystemultimatelybereflectedinthelegislation.Theestablishmentoffoodrecallsystemhassomefeaturessuchaspreventivenature,freenature,publicnature,substantivelawandprocedurallawcompatibilityandsoon.However,duetothefoodrecallsystemestablishedrelativelylateinChina,thefoodrecallsystemstillhassomesystemdefects,forinstants,incompletefoodrecalllawsystem,andunspecifiedfoodrecallregulatoryresponsibility,etc.Inaddition,therearesomeotherproblems,suchtheregulatorslackofexperience,senseofresponsibilityoffoodproducersisnotstrong,thepublicnotfamiliarabouttherecallsystemandsoon.China'sfoodrecallsystemstillshouldbeperfected.Earlierthisyear,melaminedairybackontheshelveseventshaveexposedtheshortcomingsofourcountry’sfoodrecallsystemonceagain,whichseriouslyharmtoourcountry’sfoodsafety.Thearticleconsistsoffoursections.Thefirstpartintroducestheconceptofthefoodrecallsystemandfeatures.Conceptsareintroducedfirsttoleadtothestatusofourfoodrecall,thenthroughanalyzeandcomparewithforeignconcepts,findouttheoriginoffoodrecallsystem;secondthroughanalysisthecommoncharacteristicsbetweenthefoodrecallsystemandthedefectedproductsrecallsystemtoprovidetheoreticalsupportforthefoodrecallsystem,andanalyzeditsowncharacteristics.Thesecondpartdiscussesthefoodrecallsystemlegislationandpracticeintheforeigncountry.MainlyintroducethelegislationandpracticeoftheUnitedStates,Australia,NewZealandandCanada,thandoresearchandanalysis,inordertofacilitatewecanstudytheirsuccessfulexperience.ThethirdpartstudiesthesignificanceanddifficultiesoftheestablishmentoffoodrecallsysteminChina.Firstdiscussedthepositivesignificanceofthefoodrecallsystemthroughtheprotectionoffoodsafety,createenterprisebusinessreputation,safeguardsocialfairness,reducetransactionriskandenhanceourinternationalimage;NextaccordingtothespecificsituationinChinadiscussedthedilemmaswefacedthroughthefoodrecallsystem,traceabilitymechanism,corporateresponsibility,monitorefficiencyandrecallcost,etc.Thefourthpartprovideproposalfortheconstructionandimprovementaboutfoodrecallsystem,whichisthemostimportantpartofthisarticle.Proposalsfocusonimprovingfoodrecalllegalsystem,specificregulatorymandate,unifyfoodsafetystandards,andimprovefoodqualitycontrolsystemandtraceabilitysystemandtheestablishmentofrecallinginsurance.【Keywords】:Foodsafety,FoodRecall,Regulatory,LegalSystem目录导言.....................................................................................................................1一、研究背景与意义......................................................................................1 二、研究现状..................................................................................................2 三、研究逻辑和方法..................................................................................................2 第一章食品召回制度的概念及特点........................................................................3 第一节食品召回制度的概念及起源............................................................................3 一、我国食品召回制度的相关概念..........