重庆大学-过程控制-process-control-中文-翻译-第一章

1ProcessControlSystems过程控制系统CollegeofAutomation,ChongqingUniversity过程控制自动化重庆大学2OutlineoftheIntroductionWhatIsProcessControl?DefinitionAfewexamplesandforms一些例子和形式WhatDoesItDo?Differencesfromautomaticcontroltheory自动控制理论的差异Whattobecontrolled?HowDoesItDo?如何实现Formulatingtheproblem制定问题ControlEquipmentandProcessEquipment控制设备和工艺设备ModelingtheprocessoftheProblem建模过程的问题3IntroductiontoProcessControlOperator’sViewofProcessControl操作员的观点的过程控制ADayinaLifeofaPlantOperator4WhatIsProcessControl?DefinitionThetechnologyofcontrollingaseriesofeventstotransformamaterialintoadesiredendproductiscalledprocesscontrol.控制技术的一系列事件把资料达到所希望的最终产品,被称为过程控制Shortexamples:Makingoffireforcookingrice(primitiveandmodern)Thefly-ballgovernorforsteamenginecontrol(1774)短的例子:让火煮米饭(原始的和现代)州长的fly-ball蒸汽发动机控制(1774)Tendencyofindustrialprocesscontrolbeingcomputerized,beingautomatized,andbeinginstrumentedwithsmartsensorsandMEMS工业过程控制的趋势在计算机化,在潜意识中自动使用,被装备智能传感器和微机电系统(MEMS)5WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples1.FlowControlinOilrefineryPlant:Dowerunaroundtheplanttoadjustthevalveswhenrequired?流量控制,是炼油厂植物:我们到处跑植物调节阀门在需要的时候吗?6WhatIsProcessControl?Manual手册AutomatedpHcontrolAFewExamples2.pHControl7WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples:3.Roomtemperaturecontrol8WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExample4.WattCentralfugalSpeedGovernor瓦特Centralfugal调速器9WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples5.LevelControl液位控制10WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples6.CrossDirectionProceControl十字方向过程控制•Severalhundredsensorsandactuators,•Millisecondoperation,•Controllingpaperthicknesstowithinmicrons!几百传感器和执行器,微操作,控制纸张厚度和在微米!11WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples7.DiscreteManufacturingProcesses离散型制造过程12WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples8.Typicalcontinuousprocesses典型的连续过程13WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples9.Typicalnon-continuousprocesses14WhatIsProcessControl?AFewExamples10.ASemi-ContinuousProcess半连续过程Howlargeshouldthetankvolumebe?油箱体积是多大呢？15WhatIsProcessControl?Sample-Plant:MillWideProcessControl轧机广泛的过程控制16WhatIsProcessControl?SampleSoftware:HoneywellIntellimap样品软件:霍尼韦尔Intellimap17WhatIsProcessControl?SummaryoftheExamples-Forms总结的例子-形式DiscreteManufacturing,Motion,andPackaging离散型制造、运动、和包装RoboticAssemblyLineinAutomotiveProduction机械的汽车生产流水线MetalStampingforthediscretepiecesofproduct五金冲压为离散件产品ContinuousProductionofFuels,Chemicals连续生产的燃料、化学品RoomTemperatureControl室温控制NucleusChemicalReactor核化学反应器BatchProductionofintermediate/endproducts批量生产中间/终端产品AdhesivesandgluesFood,Beverages,andMedicine18WhatIsProcessControl?Tedency:BeingCompueterized,Automatized,andInstrumentedbysmartsensorsandMEMS计算机化，自动化，和动态化由智能传感器和微机电系统Sensors,localindicators,andvalvesintheprocess传感器、当地的指标,和阀门在这个过程中ValveopeningdeterminedbythesignalfromcomputerDisplaysofvariables,calculations,commandstovalvesandhistoricaldataareinthecentralizedcontrolcenter.显示变量的影响,计算,命令对阀门和历史数据是在中央控制中心19WhatDoesItDo?DifferencesfromAutomaticControlTheory自动控制理论的差异UsingControlTheoryasaToolSolvingtheReal-WorldProblemsforMaintainingcontrolledvariablesatthedesiredvalues保持控制变量在期望值Manufacturingproductswithconsistentqualitywhenrawmaterialpropertieschange?生产质量稳定的产品，原料性质改变时？Respondingdangeroussituationswithgiventime危险的情况下和给定的时间响应BeingSpecializedbytransducer作为专业的传感器SmartsensorsMEMS微机电系统20WhatDoesItDo?WhatToBeControlled?TypicalControlledVariablesTemperature,Pressure,Flow,Level,Concentration浓度Physicalproperty物理性质BeyondtheTypicalPosition,Velocity,andAccelerationinMotion位置、速度和加速度运动……21HowDoesItDo?FormulatingtheProblemStatement制订问题的声明ProblemStatement:Heatingupthetemperatureinaroomisaprocess:havingthespecific,desiredoutcometoreach,为了达到具体的，理想的结果maintainingadefinedtemperature(setpoint),keepingtemperatureconstantovertime.一直保持温度恒定22HowDoesItDo?FormulatingtheProblemTerminologyintheprocess制定问题术语过程中ThetemperatureistheControlledVariable(CV)TheheaterstateiscalledtheManipulatedVariable加热状态被称为操纵变量FactorscausingCVtodeviatefromtheirsetpointsiscalledtheDisturbanceor“LoadVariables造成控制变量偏离设定值被称为“负载“变量或干扰23HowDoesItDo?FormulatingtheProblemControllingthetemperatureTheTemperatureCyclesPeriodically温度周期定期24HowDoesItDo?Control(verb)FeedbackControl(noun)tomaintaindesiredconditionsinaphysicalsystembyadjustingtheselectedvarialblesinthesystem保持理想条件在一个物理系统通过调节系统中变量makesuseofanoutputofasystemtoinflunceaninputtothesamesystem利用输出系统影响一个输入在相同的系统中Input=CauseOutput=Effect25HowDoesItDo?26HowDoesItDo?TwoClassesofProcessControl两级过程控制Regulatorycontrol-disturbancechange常规控制ThetransientbehaviorwhenadisturbanceentersAcontrolsystemshouldbeabletoreturneachcontrolledvariablebacktoitssetpoint.当一个扰动暂态行为进入一个控制系统应该能够恢复各被控变量应该能够恢复回它的设定Servoingcontrol-setpointchange伺服控制ThesetpointsignalischangedThemanipulatedvariableisadjustedappropriatelytoachievethenewoperatingconditions.被控变量能达到新的平衡27HowDoesItDo?ControllingtheTemperatureFromFeebackControlStandpoint28HowDoesitDo?Stability–ControlEvaluation稳定,控制评价Delaysinthesystemandfeedbackloop,延迟系统和反馈回路causingthecorrectionsignaltobein-phasecausingtheerrorsignalchangeout-of-phasetwosignalsbecomeadditive–causinginstability修正信号,使同步造成误差信号改变异相两个信号成为添加剂-引起系统不稳定Avoiding