垂直轴风力发电机气动性能研究

工学硕士学位论文垂直轴风力发电机气动性能研究↑（AERODYNAMICPERFORMANCEOFVERTICALAXISWINDTURBINE李战东哈尔滨工业大学2012年6月宋体、TimesNewRoman小2号字加粗）国内图书分类号：TB126学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：530密级：公开工学硕士学位论文↑（垂直轴风力发电机气动性能研究硕士研究生：李战东导师：周超英教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：机械电子工程所在单位：深圳研究生院答辩日期：20012年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TB126U.D.C:530DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringAERODYNAMICPERFORMANCEOFVERTICALAXISWINDTURBINECandidate：LiZhandongSupervisor：Prof.ZhouChaoyingAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：MechatronicsEngineeringAffiliation：ShenzhenGraduateSchoolDateofDefence：June,2012Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology摘要-I-摘要随着工业化进程的不断深入，一些社会问题也随之出现，其中环境污染和能源紧缺是人类面临的最棘手问题，亟待解决。在此背景之下，促使人们寻找并开发利用新能源。风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源走入了人们的视野。在近些年受到了许多科研机构的重视，现在已经形成了规模化的开发利用。风力机作为一种将风的动能转化成电能的装置，其中叶片是它的核心部件。风力机大体上可以分为两类，一种是水平轴风力发电机，另一种是垂直轴风力发电机。经过30多年的发展，水平轴风力机的相关技术趋于完善，随着科技水平的进步，现在人们开始对垂直轴风力发电机相关技术展开探索。以往对垂直轴风力机的设计，绝大部分采用的是叶片是单层布局，正是基于此基础之上，本文展开对了双层叶片布局的垂直轴风力机的气动性能研究。在文中，介绍了风力产业国内外的发展概括，并详尽的阐述了CFD技术(Fluent软件)的数学理论基础和求解过程，以及CFD技术在垂直轴风力机气动性能计算方面的应用与现状。根据以往的经验，总结了影响风力机气动性能的因素，即叶片的安装角、安装叶片的翼型、安装叶片的弦长、叶片的安装半径和叶片的安装数量。通过建立具有不同结构参数的二维风力机模型，运用滑移网格方法，最终得到不同工况条件下输出扭矩、输出功率和风能利用率随着转速的变化关系，通过比较确定合理的结构参数组合，实现对二维风力机模型的优化设计。根据二维数值模拟的结果，设计额定功率为100kW的双层叶片布局的垂直轴风力机，并对其进行三维的CFD数值模拟计算，最后对设计方案进行校核。该论文的研究成果建立在现有的垂直轴风力机设计的理论基础上，在叶片布局方向进行创新，即采用双层叶片布局，对工程实践活动具有一定的指导意义。关键词：垂直轴风力机；结构参数；数值模拟；气动性能Abstract-II-ABSTRACTWithadeepdevelopmentoftheindustrializationsomesocialproblemsemerge,andtheenvironmentalpollutionandtheenergyshortagearethemostsevereproblems，whichthemankindarefacedtoandneedtobesolved.Inthiscontextpeoplearepromptedtofindandmakeuseofnewenergy.Thewindenergyasaclean,renewableenergycomesintothepeople'svision.Inrecentyearsscientificresearchinstitutionshaspaidattentiontothewindenergytechnology,whichhasmadethetechnologydevelop.Thewindturbineisamachinewhichconversethekineticenergyofwindintotheelectricalenergy,andleavesareitscoreparts.Thewindturbinecanbebroadlydividedintotwocategories:horizontalaxiswindturbines(HAWT)andverticalaxiswindturbines(VAWT).Afterthreedecadesyearsofdevelopment,thetechnologyofthehorizontalaxiswindturbinetendstobemature.Withtheprogressofscientificandtechnologicallevelpeoplestarttopayattentiontotheverticalaxiswindturbine.Inthepast,thevastlymajorformusedinthedesignofverticalaxiswindturbineisasingle-layerstructure.Basedonthiscontextthepapercarriesanaerodynamicperformanceanalysisofaverticalaxiswindturbineofadouble-layerlayout.Inthetext,thedevelopmentofthewindpowerindustryissummarized,andadetailedpresentationonthebasisofthemathematicaltheoryoftheCFDcalculation(Fluentsoftware)andthesolutionprocessaregeneralized,aswellastheCDFcomputingtechnologyappliedtotheaerodynamicperformanceofverticalaxiswindturbineisintroduced.Accordingtothepastexperiencethefactorsaffectingtheaerodynamicperformanceofwindturbinesaresummedup,thatis,theinstallationangleoftheblades,thebladeairfoilofblades,thechordlengthofblades,theradiusoftheinstalledbladeandthenumberoftheinstalledblades.Thetwo-dimensionalwindturbinemodelswithdifferentstructuralparametersareestablished;andthefinaloutputresultsareabouttorque,outputpowerandwindenergyutilizationunderdifferentconditions.Theyarecomparedtoachieveagoaloftheoptimaldesign.Accordingtotheresultsofthetwo-dimensionalnumericalsimulationtheverticalaxiswindturbinewithratedpower100kWwillbedesigned,andthroughtheresultofthethree-dimensionalCFDnumericalsimulationtherationalityofthedesignischecked.Finallytheresearchresultsarebasedontheexistingverticalaxiswindturbine,thereisanimprovementofit.HencetheyhavecertainguidingsignificancetoanAbstract-III-engineeringpractice.Keywords:verticalaxiswindmachine,structuralparameters,numericalsimulation,aerodynamicperformance目录-I-目录摘要..........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论...........................................................................................................11.1课题背景及研究的目的和意义.................................................................11.2风电基础知识介绍....................................................................................11.2.1水平轴风力机（HAWT）........................................................................21.2.2垂直轴风力发电机(VAWT).......................................................................21.2.3垂直轴风力机的优点.................................................................................41.3国内外的风力发电技术的现状..................................................................41.3.1我国风力发电产业发展现状....................................................................41.3.2国外风电技术发展状况............................................................................51.3.3世界风电市场的发展趋势........................................................................61.4CFD技术在风力机气动设计中的应用......................................................71.5本文主要工作内容......................................................................