新中国农村教师培养制度_历史_现状与未来

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1.,241000;2.,241000):,,90,,,,;;;:;;:G650:A:100024203(2009)1020055207OntheteachertrainingsysteminruralareasofthePeoplesRepublicofChina:history,situationandfutureRUANCheng2wu,LIZi2hua(1.CollegeofEducationScience,AnhuiNormalUniversity,Wuhu241000,China;2.TeachingAffairsOffice,AnhuiNormalUniversity,Wuhu241000,China)Abstract:AfterthefoundingofthePRC,theteachertrainingsysteminruralareaswasgraduallyestablishedundertheprotectionoftheplannedeconomyandtheteachereducationsystem,whichconsistsofaseriesofpolicies,suchas,government2supportedexpense,en2rollmentforpre2determinedemployers,graduateassignments,andvoluntaryservice.Inthe1990s,theteachertrainingsystemwasbroken.Itwasfollowedwithfracturebetweende2mandandsupply,relationconflictsamongstakeholders,andtheinclinationtoeliminatetheattributesofteacher2trainingandruralservice.Inthenewera,theruralteachertrainingsystemshouldbeincorporatedintotheruralpublicservicesystem;thereasonablemecha2nismofruralteacherssupplement,exitandflowshouldbeestablishedandimproved;thein2stitutionalstructureandoperatingmechanismoftheruralteachertrainingsystemshouldbereconstructed;thetransformationapproachofruralteachertrainingsystemshouldberea2sonableselected.Keywords:teachereducation;ruralteachers;theteachertrainingsystem;teacheredu2cation552009103010JournalofHigherEducationOct.,2009Vol.30No.10:2009208216:(09BSH021);(AHSK07-08D98):(1964-),,,,,;(1970-),,,,,,©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.():,,,,,,,,,,,,,100,1520,13,,1,,;,,;[1],,,,195226.2,17,65%[2],,,,,,,1958,1961,,;,;,,,,,1963,,,,,,,,1964,,,,,,,1978,,1980,,,,1983:65:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,19863,,,;,,1989,,,,,,,1993,,1999,209,68319801999,7401999,95.90%85.63%65.85%[3],,,,,;,,:,;,,;,,,,,90,,,,1.1985,,,,,2000,,,2001,,,,,2005,,,,,,(),[4],200477969,2006,62867,151021/3,4985,31.6%;7582,,75:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5]2007,37.9,27.2,87.8%,10%[6],,,1997,,,,;,,,,,,,200645088,200761711.9%[7]200764.22%,56.05%[8],:,2.,,,;,;(),,,50%,40%[9],,,,,,,,,,,,,()[10]2008,[11],68.8%69.2%,67.3%,55.8%,;32.8%,;63.7%;,,,,,,,,,17.40%,43.59%50.26%49.06%[12],,,,,,3.,199985:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[13],,,(),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,(),[14],,1.,,,,,,,[15],,,;,;,,,,,:,,,,,,,95:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[16],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,06:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1].[M].:,1997.115.[2][3],.[M].:,2002.115,265.[4][5][EB/OL].[6][11]2008()[N].,2008212205(2).[7],.4200611.9%[EB/OL].[8].61.14%[N].,2008201221.[9],.2004:[M].:,2004.259.[10].2007[J].,2008,(3):3.[12].[EB/OL].[13].[J].,2007,(5):25.[14],.[A].,.[C].:,1996.247.[15].[N].,2007211207(1).[16],,.[M].:,2008.107.()2004:,,,:,;,,,,-;,,,,,,,,:,;;,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,:,,,,,16: