定语从句的用法并翻译例句

定语从句的用法并翻译例句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。四、关系代词的用法1.that用于指人或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.（that作主语）译：_____________________________________________________________Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.（that作宾语）译：_____________________________________________________________2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.作主语）译：_____________________________________________________________Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作宾语）译：_____________________________________________________________3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.（作主语）译：_____________________________________________________________Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？（作宾语）译：_____________________________________________________________【注意】（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.译：_____________________________________________________________（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.译：_____________________________________________________________（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.译：_____________________________________________________________（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.译：_____________________________________________________________b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？译：_____________________________________________________________c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.译：_____________________________________________________________d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.译：_____________________________________________________________e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？译：_____________________________________________________________f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.译：_____________________________________________________________（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：译：_____________________________________________________________a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.What‘sthatwhichisunderthedesk？译：_____________________________________________________________b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.Thisistheroominwhichhelives.译：_____________________________________________________________五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.译：_____________________________________________________________（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。Thisisplacewhereheworks.译：_____________________________________________________________（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.译：_____________________________________________________________