虚拟语气精讲精练及答案

1虚拟语气总览1.英语中的三种语气英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。2.非真实条件句的虚拟语气条件从句主句过去haddonewould/should/might/could/oughttohavedone现在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/oughttodo将来1、did2、shoulddo3、weretodowould/should/might/could/oughttodo巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：MSCOW(奶牛女士)：might,should,could,oughtto,would2.1.与过去事实相反1).IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.2).Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.3).Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.4).Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.5).Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.6).IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.7).Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.8).Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.9).Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.10).Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.2.2.与现在事实相反1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.2).Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.3).IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.4).Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.5).IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.6).IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.27).IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.8).IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.9).Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.10).IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.11).IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.(可惜我不知道)12).Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.(实际上地球引力始终存在。)13).IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.(实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。)14).IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.15).Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.16).Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?17).Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.18).Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.19).Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。)20).Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.(倘若生活中没了困难，就会过于平淡。)2.3.与将来事实相反1).Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.2).Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.(注意：对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，shoulddo中等，weretodo最小。如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用wereto最恰当。)3).IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.4).Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.5).IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.6).Ifitshould(wereto)rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.7).Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.(如果今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。实际上，你不会错过。)8).IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.9).Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.10).Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.(如果事情能被做两次，人人都会变得明智。)2.4.混合型1).Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.(过去→现在)2).Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.(过去→现在)33).Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.(过去→现在)4).Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.(过去→现在)5).IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.(过去→将来)6).Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.(现在→将来)7).Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.(过去→现在)8).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(现在→过去)9).Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(过去→现在)10).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(过去→过去→现在)2.5.if的省略与条件句的倒装1).WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.2).Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.3).Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.4).Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.(如果人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。)5).Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.6).Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.7).HadItime,Iwouldcome.(本句中had是实意动词，而非主动词。)8).HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.9).Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.10).Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.11).Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.12).Wewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadyouinvitedus.13.Iwouldgoshoulditbenecessary.14).WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?15).Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.16).Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.(注：例句8、9知识点见“二→6→B→a”。)17).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethelaw.(Whethertheybe…)18).Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.(Whethertheweatherbewhatitmay,…)(注：例句13、14知识点见“八→5”。)注意：在这一结构中，若条件句为否定句，not应被放在主语之后，而不能4缩写成weren’t,shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。如例15，16。2.6.含蓄型：A.with：“要是有，如果有”，表示与现在事实相反的假设。1).Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.(要是有你的帮助，我们早就解出这道题了。实际上你没有帮助我们，我们也没有解出这道题。)2).Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.3).Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor(wereitnotfor)/ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.b.butthat+句子；注意:a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，如果没有,如果不是”,表示与现在事实相反的假设。1).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.2).Withouttheprogrammer(程序编制人员),thecomputerwouldbeuseles