第八板块 必修四 专题语法突破(八)虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气用于状语从句中1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反IfI(we，you，he，she，it，they)＋动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I(we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifhewereindoors，hewouldn'tfeelsocold.条件从句主句例句与过去事实相反IfI(we，you，he，she，it，they)had＋过去分词I(we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋havedoneIfyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.条件从句主句例句与将来事实相反A式：If＋主语＋一般过去式B式：If＋主语＋weretodoC式：If＋主语＋shoulddoI(we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形A：Ifhewereherethisevening，wewouldplaycards.B：IfsheweretomarryJack，shewouldbehappy.C：Ifsheshouldknowit，shewouldtellme.(2009·天津高考)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear，wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A．wouldB．shouldC．couldD．might解析：选____句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：Ifitbrokedown/Ifitweretobreakdown/Ifitshouldbreakdown。B2．虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。IfIwereyou，Iwouldn‘thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在→过去)Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning，theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去→将来)3．有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with，without，butfor等。Butforyourhelp，wecouldn'thavesucceeded.要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。Withoutelectricitylifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。Shewasn'tfeelingwell，otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。(2009·安徽高考)Butfortheirhelp，we________theprogramintime.A．cannotfinishB．willnotfinishC．hadnotfinishedD．couldnothavefinished解析：选____句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用couldnothavefinished表示与过去相反。D二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1．用于wish后的宾语从句中与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had＋过去分词或would/couldhavedone；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could，might)＋动词原形。Iwishshewerehere.她在这儿就好了。Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。2．用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。Hedemandsthathe(should)betoldeverything.他要求将一切告诉他。Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill，andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2009·浙江高考)Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou________swimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn'tB．couldn'tC．needn'tD．shouldn‘t解析：选____句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋do”，故选D。D3．wouldrather后的宾语从句中，谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时。I'dratheryoupaidthemoneyyourself.(现在)我宁愿你自己付钱。I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.(过去)我宁愿她没做过那事。4．用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。[温馨提示]以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.很奇怪他昨天没来。It'sapitythatyoudidn'tdance.很可惜你没有跳舞。5．用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。Theirdesirewasthatatreaty(should)besignedatonce.他们的愿望是立即签署协议。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.我们都同意他的建议就是我们该去大连观光。三、虚拟语气用于定语从句中在Itis(high)time(that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”，用来表示建议。Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.到了你该上学的时间了。Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.到了我们该出发的时间了。It'shightimethegovernment________measurestohelpthegraduates.A．takesB．tookC．willtakeD．hastaken解析：选____考查虚拟语气。句式Itbe(about/high)time接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。B四、虚拟语气用在asif/though，evenif/though从句中Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.他说起来好像知道一切一样。Evenifhewerehere，hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.即使他在这儿，他也不能解决问题。[温馨提示]当asif从句的含义与事实相符时，其时态要根据需要而定，而不用虚拟语气。Hetalkedasifhewasdrunk.(事实)他说话的口气好像喝醉了。五、用于ifonly引导的感叹句中IfonlyIwereaflyingbird！要是我是一只飞鸟多好！LookatthetroubleIamin.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice！看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了！(2010·东北三校联考)—Whydoyoulooksoupset?—Ibrokeupwithmygirlfriend.IfonlyI________moreabouther.A．careB．caredC．hadcaredD．hadbeencaredC解析：选___考查虚拟语气。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用haddone的形式。