unit1 Cultural relics非限制性定语从句

theRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）Unit1CulturalrelicsGrammar1.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit．2.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.3.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.4.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.Readinganddiscovering5.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.6.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.7.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.8.Thereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainfor,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Eg:Youaretheonlymanthatunderstandsme.Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.作用不同Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.2.形式上不同（1）限制性定语从句紧跟在先行词后,无逗号隔开eg:ThemanwhomTomisspeakingtoismyteacher.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisreallyinteresting.（2）非限制性定语从句与其主句之间往往用逗号分开eg:Thisisanimportantpresent,whichIreceivedyesterday.Rome,whichhasaverylonghistory,isthecapitalofItaly.3.先行词不同(1)限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词Eg:Thisistheroomwhichhelivesin.Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.(2)非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是单个的名词、代词，也可以是整个主句。Thenovel,whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.4.关系词不同（1）引导限制性定语从句中的关系词：that、who、which、whom、whose、when、wherewhy；当关系代词that、who、which、whom在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略Thisisthefactory(that/which)wevisitedlastweek.（2）引导非限制性定语从句中的关系词：who、which、whom、whose、when、where；关系词不能省略Eg:Hegavemeapen,whichheboughtyesterday.5、翻译上的区别含限制性定语从句的句子，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前；而含非限定性定语从句的句子，一般先翻译先行词，后翻译从句，形成两个分句。Eg:Themanwhowastalkingtoyoujustnowismyteacher.刚才和你说话的那个人是我的老师。Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I’veinvitedTom,wholivesinthecityofXi’an.我邀请了汤姆，他住在西安市。Chinahasalotofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中国有上千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。六、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（1）as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是单个的名词、代词，也可以是整个主句。Eg:Thebook,whichiboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting.Hechangedhismind,whichmadeusangry.他改变了注意，这使我们大家都生气了。Sheisalwaysworkinghard,aswesee.正如我们所看到的一样，她工作一直很努力。（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后；而which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于先行词之后，不能位于主句之前。Eg:Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknowHewinsthefirstprize,whichmakeshisparentshappy.(3)as引导非限制性定语从句常有“正如，就像……”之意，用在一些固定结构中，如asweknow∕asisknowntoall(众所周知)aseverybodyknows;、asyousee,、aswecansee,aswehaveseen、asanybodycansee、aswasexpected、aswecanimagine、asisreportedinthenewspaper等。当which在从句中指代的是先行词是整个主句时，通常翻译为“这”。Eg:Mikeattendedthemeeting,asweexpected.正像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。Asweallknow,theearthisround.Sheisawarm-heartedwoman,asisknowntoall.Hechangedhismind,whichmadeusangry.PracticeChoosethebestanswer.1.Doyourememberthefarmwevisitedtwomonthsago?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how2.Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,wasreallyterrible.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.WhichCD3.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkinginthelabforanhour,______wastrue.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatB4.Annealwaysspokehighlyofhercolleaguesinthemovie,______,ofcourse,madetheothersveryhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what5.Chongqingisthecity______shelivedwhenshewasyoung.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.how6.Doyouknowthereasons______hecameback?A.howB.whichC.thatD.WhyBAD7.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.ThatC.whatD.whoA