最新语言学概论复习重点题目附答案!!

精品文档Linguistics:I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets1.()Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative2.()__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.A.PhonesB.SoundsC.PhonemesD.Speechsounds3.()Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.A.simpleB.completeC.complexD.coordinate4.()Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics5.()A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle6.()Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.A.［ɑ：］B.［?：］C.［?：］D.［u:］7.()Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematicC.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic8.()Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthe__________investigationoflanguagedata.A.symbolicB.systemicC.systematicD.system9.()__________aresometimescalled“semivowels”.A.vowelsB.fricativeC.glidesD.nasals10.()__________isatypicaltonelanguage.A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.AmericanEnglish11.()Asentenceisconsidered__________whenitconformstothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical12.()Thenumberofthelexicalitemsintheminorlexicalcategoriesis__________andnonewmembersareallowedfor.A.largeB.smallC.limitlessD.fixed13.()Humanbeingsaretheonlyspeciesthatlearnsandacquireslanguage__________explicitinstruction.A.withB.withoutC.withinD.through14.()AccordingtoF.deSaussure,__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language15.()Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe__________propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.A.oralB.mentalC.physicalD.recorded16.()__________isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.A.PhonologyB.PhoneticsC.MorphologyD.Phonemics17.()__________transcriptionisreallythetranscriptionrequiredandusedbythephoneticiansintheirstudyofspeechsounds.A.BroadB.DetailedC.WideD.Narrow精品文档．精品文档18.()Theword“motel”isformedviawordformationruleof__________.A.clippingB.blendingC.acronymD.coinage19.()Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe__________.A.productiveB.arbitraryC.prescriptiveD.creative20.()__________,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.A.OrthographicallyB.PhoneticallyC.SemanticallyD.Syntactically21.()__________isasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.LexicologyD.Coordination22.()__________isakindofabbreviationofotherwiselongerwordsorphrases.A.AbbreviationB.AcronymC.ClippingD.Blending23.()Thosethataffectthesyntacticcategoryandthemeaningoftherootaswellare__________.A.stemsB.affixesC.suffixesD.prefixes.24.()__________referstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.A.DerivationB.CompoundingC.BlendingD.Backformation25.()Sincethephoneticcontrastbetween/k/intheword“kill”and/k/intheword“coal”isnotadistinctiveone,thetwo/k/-sareonly__________.A.phonemesB.phonesC.segmentsD.allophones26.()When/p/and/b/occurinthesameenvironmentsanddistinguishmeaning,theyarein__________.A.minimalpairB.minimalsetC.phonemiccontrastD.complementarydistribution27.()__________attheendofstemscanmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.A.RootsB.PrefixesC.SuffixesD.Freemorphemes28.()As/k/intheword“came”and/g/intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish,theyare__________.A.soundsB.phonemesC.allophonesD.varieties29.()Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__________sounds.A.consonantalB.voicedC.vowelD.voiceless30.()__________areaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword,whichisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.A.InflectionalaffixesB.FreemorphemeC.DerivationalaffixesD.Stems31.()__________isaprocessofsemanticchangeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimesrelatedmeaning.A.SemanticnarrowingB.SemanticbroadeningC.SemanticborrowingD.Semanticshift32.()__________studieshowsoundsareputtogethertoconveymeaningincommunication.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.LexicologyD.Phonetics33.()StressinEnglishisusedto__________semanticallyimportantwords.A.signalB.standoutC.identifyD.single34.()__________referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.A.SoundassimilationB.InternalborrowingC.ElaborationD.Rulesimplification35.()Acompoundwordconsistsof__________.A.twoormorethantwowordsB.twomorphemesC.tworootmorphemesD.twoormoremorphemes精品文档．精品文档36.()Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords37.()“alive”and“dead”are______________.A.gradableantonymsB.relationa