定语从句第一讲

一、什么叫定语•概念：修饰、限定名词或代词•形式：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等•abeautifulgirltheboyinblue•aballpentheworktofinish•twoboysthepenboughtbyhim•hisson二、定语从句•定义：主从复合句的一种，相当于一个后置定语，修饰其前面的名词、代词•1.我昨天买的这本书不贵。•ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisnotexpensive.•2.住在我隔壁的这个人是卖菜的。•Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.•Themanwholivesnexttomesellsbooks.•Themanlivesnexttome.•Themansellsbooks.•结构：先行词+引导词+从句先行词关系代词+从句关系代词、关系副词三、关系代词引导的定语从句•思考：代词在句子中一般充当什么成分?•Shetoldusthenews.•Iloveyou.•Wemusttakegoodcareofthem.主语宾语宾语主语主语宾语关系代词和代词一样，一般在从句中代替先行词充当从句的主语或宾语（充当从句宾语时，关系代词可省略）关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose•1)当先行词是人，关系用who/whom/that•Thewomanismyteacher.•Shespokejustnow.•Thewomanwho/thatspokejustnowismyteacher.•Thewomanwhoismyteacherspokejustnow.•(who/that代指thewoman,充当从句的主语)•ThemanwasMr.Black.•Imethimyesterday.•Themanwho/whom/thatImetyesterdaywasMr.Black.•(who/whom/that代指theman,充当从句的宾语，可省略)【练习】1.Themanrefusedtogivemehisname.Themantoldmethenews.Theman____________toldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.Theman____________refusedtogivemehisnametoldmethenews.who/thatwho/that2.Sheisateacher.Weallrespecther.She_______________weallrespectisateacher.Weallrespecther____________isateacher.who/that/whomwho/that•2)当先行词是物时，关系代词用that/which•Theyhavearadio.Theradiogivesthemsomanyfun.•Theyhavearadiothat/whichgivesthemsomanyfun.•(that/which代指theradio,充当从句主语)•Theradio__________theyhavegivesthemsomanyfun.•(that/which代指________,充当从句___语)that/whichtheradio宾•[练习]1.Ibuiltthehousein1999.Thehouseisstillnew.Thehouse_________Ibuiltin1999isstillnew.2.LancangRiveristheChinesepartoftheriver.LancangRiveriscalledtheMekonginothercountries.LancangRiver______________________________________________________________________________________that/whichistheChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekonginothercountries•找出句中的从句并圈出先行词,说出关系代词在从句中的成分•1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.•2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.•3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.•4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.•3)关系代词whose•whose在从句中作定语，意为“……的”•Iknowaboy.Hismotherisateacher.•Iknowaboywhosemotherisateacher.•(whose代替his作mother的定语)•Helikesthebook.Itscoverisapicture.•Helikesthebookwhosecoverisapicture.•(whose代替its作cover的定语)•注：在whose后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词。•[即时练习]将下列句子改成定语从句。•1.Doyouknowanyone?HisfamilyisinXi’an.•DoyouknowanyonewhosefamilyisinXi’an.•2.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.•Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.•3.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.•Thechairwhoselegwasbrokenhasbeenrepaired.四、回归课本•1.Ahugecrackthatwas8kmslongand30mswidecutacrosshouses,roads.•先行词：•关系代词：•2.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.•先行词：•关系代词：ahugecrackthat作主语peoplewho作主语•3.AnotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.•先行词：•关系代词：•4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrapped.•先行词：•关系代词：anotherbigquakewhich作主语thosewho作主语•5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.•先行词：•关系代词：survivorswhose作定语•填出正确的关系代词。•Annewasagirl_________familywasJewish.•OldEnglishwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglish_________wespeaktoday.•People________thoughtlittleoftheeventswereasleepasusualthatnight.•Thenumberofpeople_________werekilledreached400,000.•He_________laughslastlaughsbest.•Godhelpthose________helpthemselves.whosethat/whichwho/thatwho/thatwho/thatwho•1.只用that，不用which的情况：•（1）先行词为不定代词(all,everything,something,anything,nothing…)•Isthereanything____youdon’tunderstand?•（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。•I’vecheckedallthehomework____youhandedin.thatthat五、先行词是物时，that和which一般情况下可以换用，但下面几种情况特殊•（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时•Thisisthefirsttime____wemeetwitheachother.•Itisthemostbeautifulgift____I’veeverreceived.••（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰•Hewasthelaststudents____showedontheparty.thatthatthat•（5）先行词既有物又有人•Thewriterandhisworks______theradioreportedarepopulartothestudents.•（6）主句是who,which,therebe引导的•Whoisthegirl____satunderthetree.•Therearemorethan400,000people_____diedduringthequake.thatthatthat2.只用which不用that的情况•（1）在限制性定语从句中，关系代词紧跟介词（介词+which）•Thatisthering_______shespent100,000dollars.•（2）非限制性定语从句中•ItwasfeltinBeijing,_____ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.onwhichwhich