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英文字母组合的发音规律一、辅音字母的读音规则1.c在字母e,i,y前读/s/,如cell,cit'y,cyst;其余情况下读/K/,如cat,club,code.2.g在字母e,i,y前读/ʤ/,如gene,gin,gym;其余情况下读/g/,如beg,golf,game.3.s多数情况下读/s/,如six,desk,yes;有时读/z/,如is,his,vis'it(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。4.x处于两元音字母之间,且其后元音重读时,读/gz/,如exist';其余情况下读/ks/,如six,next,excuse'.5.q读/k/,如Iräq',NASDAQ(股票名);常与字母u用在一起,qu读/kw/,如quick,ques'tion.附:英语音标元音单元音:i:ieæɔʌuəɑ:ɔ:u:ə:双元音:eiaiɔiəuauiəeəuə辅音浊辅音:bdgʤvðzʒdzmnŋlrjw请辅音:ptkʧfθsʃtsh二、辅音字母组合的读音规则1.ch,tch读/ʧ/,如Chi'na,much;catch,match2.ph,gh读/f/,如pho'to,phone3.sh读/ʃ/,如shape,she,short,fish4.th多数情况下读/θ/,如three,third但有时读/ð/,如that,than,with.(读/ð/时可下画一线).5.wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/);其余情况下读/w/,如which,when,why.6.dg,dj读/ʤ/,如judge,lodg'ing;adjust',ad'jective.7.n在和字母g构成字母组合时,以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前(如c,g,k等)读/ŋ/。如long,thing,length;un'cle,zinc;an'gry,fin'ger;drink,think,thank.8.gu在元音前读/g/,如guess,guide,guest;在字母n后读/gw/,如lan'guage,distin'guish,lin'guist.字母n因为处于/g/音前而读/ŋ/.9.两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如lit'tle,miss,hill,hob'by;clock,neck,black;scene,sci'ence,scythe,excite',except';accord'ing,accuse',occur'.三、元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则英语中有四类重读音节:闭音节,开音节,r音节,re音节。1.闭音节指以辅音字母结尾的音节。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/æ//e//i//ɔ//ʌ/,如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.2.开音节指以元音字母、‘元音字母+哑e’或‘一个辅音字母+哑e’结尾的音节。后者也叫约定开音节.元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读开音节中分别读/ei//i://ai//ǝu//ju:/(即读字母名称,但y读/ai/)。如:a,face,make,age;he,mete,see,eve;I,hi,by,bye,time,type;go,home,stone,toe;cube,tube,use.但字母u在字母j,l,r后,读/u:/,不读/ju:/,如June,blue,rule.3.r音节指以字母r或‘r+辅音字母’结尾的音节。在r音节中:ar读/ɑ:/,or读/ɔ:/,er,ir,yr,ur都读/ǝ:/。如:arm,far,start,large,Marx;or,for,cord,or'der;verb,her,serve;sir,first,dirt'y,cir'cle,myr'tle;hurt,nurse,return',mur'mur.注1.双r前的音节,是闭音节,不是r音节。如:car'ry,mar'ry,ber'ry,mir'ror,sor'ry,hur'ry.注2.在/w/音后,ar读/ɔ:/,如war,warm,warn;or读/ǝ:/,如word,work,world,worse.4.re音节指元音字母与re结合而成的音节。在re音节中:are读/eǝ/,ere读/iǝ/,ire,yre读/aiǝ/,ore读/ɔ:/,ure读/juǝ/。如:care,dare,rare,hare,prepare';here,mere,severe';fire,wire,tire,entire',tyre;more,fore,core,before';cure,pure,endure'四、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则1.a,o,u读/ǝ/,如Chi'na,sec'ond,dif'ficult.2.e,i,y读/i/,如result',vic'tim,hap'py.3.ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr读/ǝ/,如gram'mar,let'ter,circum'ference,doc'tor,mur'mur,mar'tyr,persist',west'ern,east'ern.4.o,u处于词末时分别读/ǝu/,/ju:/(即不弱化,按重读音节规则读)。如car'go,Ne'gro;men'u.5.u在多音节词中,紧邻重读音节时,读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如reg'ular,pop'ular,mon'ument.6.a,i,y,u在多音节动词中,处于约定开音节结尾中,按重读音节读。如i'solate,ad'vertise,an'alyse,sub'stitute.7.y在多音节动词词末不弱化,读/ai/。如:sat'isfy,mal'tiply,oc'cupy五、元音字母组合的读音规则1.au,aw读/ɔ:/,如cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,dawn.2.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如neu'tral,deuce;new,view,review'.3.ou,ow读/au/,如house,loud;how,now,down.4.ai,ay读/ei/,如wait,aid;day,may.5.ei,ey读/ei/,如veil,wei;grey,they,convey'6.oi,oy读/ɔi/,如choice,oil;boy,toy.7.ea,ee读/i:/,如eat,cheap;deep,need.8.ie,(c)ei读/i:/,如field,believe';receive',ceil'ing.9.oa读/ǝu/,如road,soap,boat.10.ue读/ju:/,如Tues’day,val'ue,pursue'.11.air,aer读/eə/,如air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplaneˌ.12.ear,eer读/iə/如ear,clear;beer,deer.13.our读/auə/如our,sour,our.14.oo1.读/u/:在字母k前(book,look,took)和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool及其派生词(good'ness,foot'ball,wool'en等)中读/u/。2.读/u:/:在其余情况下读/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,zoo.3.读/ʌ/:在flood,blood及其派生词(flood'ing,blood'less等)中读/ʌ/.15.igh读/ai/,如high,light,might,night.16.augh,ough读/ɔ:/,如daugh'ter,caught,taught;ought,fought,thought。17.oul在could,should,would中读/u/。六、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则1.a在后缀-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中读/i/,如pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate.2.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/ə/,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency.3.i在后缀-ible中读/ə/,如pos'sible.4.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如moun'tain,Fri'day,for'feit,val'ley.5.-ful读/ful/,如help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful.6.-gue读/g/,如di'alogue,cat'alogue.7.-que读/k/,如cheque,pic'turesque'.8.-ous读/əs/,如fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'ous.9.-our读/ə/,如fa'vour,on'our,la'bour.10.-ure读/ə/,如fig'ure,in'jure.但在fail'ure中读/jə/.11.-ow读/əu/,如win'dow,yel'low,pil'low.12.-ture读/ʧə/,如pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture.13.-sure在元音字母后读/ʒə/,如clo'sure,expo'sure.在辅音字母后读/ʃə/,如pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks).14.-ion读/ən/,如fash'ion,us'ion.15.-tion读/ʃən/如na'tion,produc'tion,solu'tion.16.-stion读/sʧən/,如ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion.17.-sion在元音字母后读/ʒən/,如vĭ'sion,occa'sion,divĭ'sion;在辅音字母后读/ʃən/,如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion.18.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/ʃ/,如:o'cean;so'cial;A'sia;par'tial;Egyp'tian;suffĭ'cient;pa'tient;prĕ'cious;Rus'sian;an'xious.19.-i在字母d,t,n,l后,且在元音字母前,读/j/。如au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'ĭar.20.-ed(过去式后缀)在清辅音后读/t/,如:worked,jumped,missed.在浊辅音和元音后读/d/,如:robbed,begged;played,stud'ied.在字母d,t后读/id/,如:need'ed,plänt'ed.21.-(e)s(名词或动词词尾)在清辅音后读/s/,如:desks,lamps,looks.在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如:pigs,pens,plays,goes.在/ʤ,ʧ,ʃ,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如:urg'es,watch'es,wish'es,rīs'es,fac'es.2.1重读符号1.单音节词单读时都重读,不需要用重读符号标注。双音节词和多音节词中,有的音节是重读音节,有的则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。有些单词中,除重读音节和非重读音节外,还有次重读音节,也需要用重读符号标注。2.在单词上直接标音时,重读符号(')标在重读音节的后上方(如read'ing);次重音符号(ˌ)标在次重读音节的后下方(如enˌineer')。请注意:直接标音法的重读符号,还具有分音节的作用,如stu'dent和stud'y,stu'是开音节,而stud'是闭音节,故字母u的读法不同(见1.3.1和1.3.2)。2.哑音符号(.)可用来指出不读音的字母。标注了这个符号的字母,读音时可视若其无,其余的字母仍按前述读音规则读音。详见2.2.1,2.2.2,2.2.3,2.2.4.(1)不读音的辅音字母。例如:knife,lamb,au'un,wrie,psol'o,pneumo'nia,ehi'i,rhyme,whis'tle,lis'en,hour.(2)不读音的元音字母。例如
本文标题:英文字母组合的发音规律
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