中考英语短文填空技巧与练习

常考查点为：1动词2名词3形容词4副词5代词6数词7连词8介词9冠词10感叹词1动词：包括谓语动词的数、时态、非谓语[ing、ed、(to)do]，注意个别的拼写，如stopped；planned2名词:包括单复数（-s），名词所有格（’s/s’），词性的转换等；3形容词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换等；4副词：考查修饰动词、句子等，常由形容词派生而来(hard-hard;good-well;careful-carefully)；5代词：考查不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格，反身代词等，一般由意思决定；6数词：常考查判断是序数词还是基数词；7连词：考查句子间的逻辑关系；8介词：常考查固定短语搭配。做题步骤：1预读短文，了解大意：速读短文，不填空。了解文章的大意、重要的动作时态；2逐一填空，仔细对比：每一个空都要比较所有的备选词，只要意思和语法都通的就都填上，把备选单词一个一个勾划掉；选定单词后，确定正确的形式。3通读短文，复查答案：站在短文中心意思的立场上，确立每个空所填的单词，逐个检查形式，可以从以往的经验去判断。•重点检查内容：1大小写2名词单复数3动词时态4形容词比较级确立答案方法：1意思优先原则通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中，先确定填哪个词，在确定它的形式。通过意思很容易读出，“他不会告诉任何人，除了我和你”，直接可以找到except。need,animal,I,put,make,except,find,end,look,since,little,enoughSoIthinkhewillnottellanybody___9___youandmeaboutwhathefound…确立答案方法：2语法优先原则首先通过分析句子的结构，然后判断空处所填的词性，然后在备选项中逐个筛选。通过句子结构可知new后应该是一个名词，充当are的主语，而且是复数形式。因此，备选项中可数的名词只有word和example，显然words的意思最通。French,same,word,Chinese,example,many,why,great,much,what,another,tellLanguageschangewithtimeandtheworld.SodoesEnglish.New__1__areborrowedfromotherlanguages.*在未复查完成之前，不要草率地把答案写在答卷横线上，一旦有错误，不好更改，因此建议做题时可以直接填在原文中的空处，最后做完题可以把答案誊抄在答卷横线上。选词填空技巧1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-adj.，副词-adv.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches，friend-friend‘s/friends’。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny，use-useful/useless/used，danger-dangerous；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化（动词不定式-todo，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配-enjoydoingsth./usedtodosth./havesth.done…）。形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more/themostinteresting，happy-happily，happy-happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third，2/3-twothirds，onethousand/thousandsof；冠词只需要在a或an之间判别，如agirl/anoldman；当遇到介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有‘s不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。选词填空练习well,soft,second,better,may,strongly,afraid,sand,stayup,if,now,houseWecan’tstopanearthquake(地震),butwecandothingstomakesuretheydon’tdestroy(毁坏)wholecities.First,itisnotaideatobuildhousesalonglineswhereoftheearth’splates(板块)jointogether.Second,ifyouthinktherebeanearthquake,itisbettertobuildhousesonrocks,noton.Third,youmustmakethehousesas_aspossible.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmay.ScientistsarethatonedayanevenbiggerearthquakewillhitthepartaroundSanFrancisco(旧金山).Theycallit“TheBigOne”.However,peopletodayarestillbuildingmore.ThepopulationinandaroundSanFranciscois__tentimesmorethanitwasin1906.Thismeansthat__thereisanotherearthquake,agreatmanyhousesandbuildingswillbedestroyed.goodtwomaysandstrongstayupafraidhousesnowifforget,bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently,I，every,stop，eachMr.Brownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peoplesometimeshimbrokenumbrellas,andthenhetookthemtoabigshopinLondon.Theywerethere.OnedayMr.BrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He____totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Sittinginfrontofhimwasamanwithanumbrellastanding_______theseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brownuptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgettingoff,hewas____bytheman.Hesaidangrily,“That’s____!”Mr.Brown’sfaceturnedredandhegaveitbacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookatofthem,hesaid,“You’vemendedthemverywell.”Intheafternoonhegotintothetrainagain.Themanwasinthesameseat.HelookedatMrBrownandhissixumbrellas,“You’vehadaday,”hesaid.broughtmendedforgotbesidepickedstoppedmineeachsameluckyAfarmersawanoldmangrowingsomethingontheothersideoftheriver.Thefarmer______outtohim,“Whatareyougrowing,Grandpa?”Theoldmandidn’t______foramoment,thensaid,“Swimover_____I’lltellyou.”Thefarmerdidn’tlikethe______ofswimmingacrosstheriver.Buthewantedtoknow______theoldmanwasdoing.Heswamover.Theoldmansaidvery______inhisear,“I’mplantingpeasinmy_______.”“Youshouldhaveshouted.Iwouldhave________quiteclearlyonthatside.”Saidthefarmer.“Oh,no,Iwouldn’t_____that.Thesparrowswouldhaveheardmeand_______mypeas.”calledspeakandideawhatquietlygardenhearddoeatenspeak,call,idea,and,what,garden,hear,quiet,do,eat,name,saytelephone,for,lose,so,strong,clever,somebody,good,happy,outside,everybody,atMrsAndrewshadayoungcat,anditwasthecat’sfirstwinter.Oneeveningitwas________whenitbegantosnowheavily.MrsAndrewslooked________iteverywhereandshouteditsname,butshedidnotfindit,________shetelephonethepoliceandsaid,“Ihave________asmallblackcat.Has________foundone?”“No，madam,”saidthepolicemanattheotherend,“Butcatsarereallyveryanimals.Theysometimeslivefordaysinthesnow,andwhenitmelts(融化)orsomebodyfindsthem,theyarequite________.”MrsAndrewsfelt________whensheheardthis.“And,”shesaid,“Ourcatisvery_______.Shealmosttalks.”Thepolicemanwasgettingtired,“Wellthen,”hesaid“Whydon’tyouputyour________down?Maybesheistryingtotelephoneyounow.”outsideforsolostanybodystrongwellcleverhappierte