09年高考英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语课件

高三英语总复习语法系列训练英语句子概论英语句子概论•基本成分•附属成分•独立成分•省略成分•连接成分•简单句•并列句•复合句句子的种类一、陈述句：Shearrivedquiteearly.(事实)/Shemayhavearrivednow.(看法)二、疑问句：1．一般疑问句：Hasthefactorygoneintoproduction?ShallIturnontheTV?2．特殊疑问句：Whichcolourdoyouprefer?Howmuchisthistable-cloth?3．选择疑问句：①一般疑问句+or+第二个选择:AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?②特殊疑问句+选择部分:Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?4．反意（或附加）疑问句：Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.三、祈使句：Besuretogetherebeforenine.(You)doitrightnow.四、感叹句：①what+感叹句：Whatanoble-heartedmanhewas!Whatgoodnewsitis!②how+感叹句：Howwellshedances!Howfasttheyareworking!(1)主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)Theweatherisverycold.(2)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)Helaughed.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)IlikeChinesefood.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)Shetaughtthemphysics.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.双宾语复合宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：Shemadeherselfanewdress.注①：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类：第一类：give,show,send,bring,offer,read,pass,lend,leave,tell,hand,return,write,pay,throw,allow,wish,teach,promise,owe,refuse等。第二类：make,buy,do,fetch,get,paint,play,save,reserve,spare,order,cook,sing,find等。注②：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意思上没有什么差别：I’llreturnyouthebooktomorrow.→I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.ShemadeanewdressforMary.→ShemadeMaryanewdress.注③：第一类可以改为由to引导的短语；第二类可以改为由for引导的短语。注④：间接宾语用介词词组表示的场合：a.对间接宾语加以强调时：I’veboughtitforyou,notformyself.I’llhandthislettertothesecretaryandnottothedirector.b.当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：I’llsendittoyoutomorrow.You’dbetterhanditdirectlytotheheadmaster.c.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时：Sheshowedthepicturetothestudentssittingnearher.d.当间接宾语置于句首时：Whodidyousenditto?TohimItoldthestory,nottohisbrother.e.当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时：Hegaveittome.I’lllendthemtoyou.请说出下列句子类型。1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Sheknowswhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.S+ViS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+OS+V+PS+V+PS+ViS+V+OS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C•主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）•主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)•主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)•主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)•主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语•(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)•There+be/stand/lie/live...简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：•定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句•状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.状语Examples:Oh！Whatisthat！（惊叹词）Hehas，alas，failedagain．Comehere，John．（呼语）Rollon，Ocean，rollon．句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分（You）Comehere．（Iwishyou）Goodluck！Somegavehimpraises，butothers（gavehim）rotteneggs．Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,thanyou.(I)Hopeyoulikeit.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(shouldcleanit)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。•作一种陈述•提出一个问题•发出一种命令或请求•表示一种感叹Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimawayinapolicecar.简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining.Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno’clock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.两个简单句的主语可以由连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。ThebossisflyingtoParis.HissecretaryisflyingtoParis.ThebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis.BoththebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis.ThebossisflyingtoRome.HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome.ThebossbutnothissecretaryisflyingtoRome.ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin.HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin.EitherthebossorhissecretaryisflyingtoBerlin.ThebossisnotflyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisn’tflyingtoYork.NeitherthebossnorhissecretaryisflyingtoYork.主语、谓语、宾语的合并两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.ImetJaneandherhusband.ImetbothJaneandherhusband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.Itwascoldandwet.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.Ididn’tmeeteitherJaneorherhusband.ImetneitherJanenorherhusband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。Wesangallnight.Wedancedalln