简易自动气象观测站设计

摘要本设计研究了以单片机STC89C51芯片为核心的简易自动气象观测站，本系统集成了温度、湿度、气压、风力、降水量等气象参数的测量，其精度较高，能够符合设计要求。通过STC89C51芯片的处理，能将采集到的各种气象参数显示在LED液晶屏幕上，具有良好的人机交互界面和完善的功能，为未来的气象测量的小型化、便捷化、实时化、专业化提供了良好的应用前景和坚实的保证。本文开始就介绍了当前国内简易气象观测技术的研究动态和当前的市场环境，分析了现在使用的天气测量仪器存在的主要问题和未来的发展方向，指出研究简易、高性能的集成化气象观测站的必要性。接着，提出了简易气象观测站系统的总体设计方案，使得整个系统真正实现简易化、专业化及智能化。在选择先进的单片机STC89C51芯片的基础上，采用多种符合设计要求的传感器和单元电路，实现了对基本气象要素的观测和相应数据信息的实时显示。最后，设计了该气象观测站系统的控制测量硬件电路和编写相应的软件程序，经过硬件调试和最后的试验结果表明，所设计的简易气象观测站能测量各种书气象要素，基本实现了系统的性能指标和技术要求，具有全天候，高精度，实时性，方便灵活和质优价廉的特点，适合于各领域广泛应用。关键词：简易；气象观测站；显示系统；单片机；传感器AbstractThisdesignwillmakearesearchofsimpleautomaticmeteorologicalstationwiththecoreofSingleChipMicrocomputerSTC89C51.Thissystemwillmeasurethefollowingmeteorologicalparametersincludingtemperature,humidity,airpressure,windstrength,rainfall,whichmarkwithhighaccuracyandareabletofulfillthedesignrequirements.AfterprocessingofthechipSTC89C51,eachmeteorologicalparametercollected,canbedisplayedontheLEDscreenwithfavorableinterfacebetweenhumanandmachineaswellasimpeccablefunction,providingagoodprospectinapplicationandsolidassuranceforminimizedconvenient,real-time,andprofessionalmeteorologicalsurvey.Inthebeginning,thethesisintroducestheresearchstatusofsimplemeteorologicalobservatorytechnologyinChinaatpresentandcurrentmarketenvironment,analyzethemajorproblemandfuturedevelopmentofthemeasuringinstrumentforweatherusedatpresentaswellasindicatethenecessitytomakearesearchofthesimpleandintegratedmeteorologicalstationwithhighperformance.Afterthat,thethesisputsforwardthegeneraldesignproposalthesystemofsimplemeteorologicalstation,realizingasimple,professionalandintelligentsysteminawholeway.BasedonoptionoftheadvancedSingleChipMicrocomputerSTC89C51,thesystemappliesvariouskindsofsensorandunitcircuitwhichallmeetthedesignrequirementstoobservethebasicmeteorologicalelementsandachievereal-timedisplayofdataandinformationaccordingly.Finally,thethesisdesignsthehardwarecircuittocontrolandmeasurethesystemofmeteorologicalstationandcompilesrelevantsoftwareprogram.Thehardwarecommissioningandfinaltestresultshowthatthedesignedsimplemeteorologicalstation,withthecharacteristicsofall-weatherobservation,highaccuracy,real-time,convenience,flexibility,bestqualityandlowcost,iscapableofmeasuringeachmeteorologicalelement,basicallyrealizesthesystemperformanceindexandtechnicalrequirement,andissuitableforapplyingtoeveryfieldinacomprehensiveway.Keywords:Simplicity,MeteorologicalStation,Displaysystem,SingleChipMicrocomputer,Sensor.目录1绪论·····················································································31.1研究背景及意义·····················································································31.2自动气象站的现状及发展·········································································41.2.1国内自动气象站的现状及发展·······························································41.2.2国外自动气象站的现状及发展·······························································41.2.3自动气象站发展前景···········································································51.3本文研究内容························································································52系统方案选择与论证········································错误!未定义书签。2.1设计要求······································································错误!未定义书签。2.2方案选择······································································错误!未定义书签。2.3方案论证······································································错误!未定义书签。3硬件选型与简介··············································错误!未定义书签。3.1STC89C51单片机····························································错误!未定义书签。3.2数字温湿度传感器DHT11················································错误!未定义书签。3.3单极霍尔效应开关ES3144················································错误!未定义书签。3.4ARDUINO水位传感器·····················································错误!未定义书签。3.5A/D转换器ADC0804·························································错误!未定义书签。3.6BMP085数字气压传感器··················································错误!未定义书签。3.7液晶显示器···································································错误!未定义书签。4硬件设计与实现··············································错误!未定义书签。4.1气压风速监测单元··························································错误!未定义书签。4.2温度湿度降雨量监测单元·················································错误!未定义书签。4.3时钟显示单元································································错误!未定义书签。5软件设计及实现··············································错误!未定义书签。5.1气压风速检测单元··························································错误!未定义书签。5.1.1风速检测··································································错误!未定义书签。5.1.2气压检测··································································错误!未定义书签。5.1.3LCD12864显示程序·····················································错误!未定义书签。5.2温度湿度降雨量检测·······················································错误!未定义书签。5.2.1温度湿度检测程序······················································错误!未定义书签。5.2.2水位检测程序····························································错误!未定义书签。5.2.3LCD5110显示程序······················································错误!未定义书签。5.3时