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技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部,主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块,占地面积、m2,总建筑面积、m2,共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋~12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2,共12栋,1~7栋建筑层数为11层,8~12栋11层(局部复式顶层),首层局部架空,布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,XRD,以及晶体结构的相关基础知识(ZZ)Theory2009-10-2517:55:42阅读355评论0字号:大中小做XRD有什么用途啊,能看出其纯度?还是能看出其中含有某种官能团?X射线照射到物质上将产生散射。晶态物质对X射线产生的相干散射表现为衍射现象,即入射光束出射时光束没有被发散但方向被改变了而其波长保持不变的现象,这是晶态物质特有的现象。绝大多数固态物质都是晶态或微晶态或准晶态物质,都能产生X射线衍射。晶体微观结构的特征是具有周期性的长程的有序结构。晶体的X射线衍射图是晶体微观结构立体场景的一种物理变换,包含了晶体结构的全部信息。用少量固体粉末或小块样品便可得到其X射线衍射图。XRD(X射线衍射)是目前研究晶体结构(如原子或离子及其基团的种类和位置分布,晶胞形状和大小等)最有力的方法。XRD特别适用于晶态物质的物相分析。晶态物质组成元素或基团如不相同或其结构有差异,它们的衍射谱图在衍射峰数目、角度位置、相对强度次序以至衍射峰的形状上就显现出差异。因此,通过样品的X射线衍射图与已知的晶态物质的X射线衍射谱图的对比分析便可以完成样品物相组成和结构的定性鉴定;通过对样品衍射强度数据的分析计算,可以完成样品物相组成的定量分析;XRD还可以测定材料中晶粒的大小或其排布取向(材料的织构)...等等,应用面十分普遍、广泛。目前XRD主要适用于无机物,对于有机物应用较少。关于XRD的应用,在[技术资料]栏目下有介绍更详细的文章,不妨再深入看看。如何由XRD图谱确定所做的样品是准晶结构?XRD图谱中非晶、准晶和晶体的结构怎么严格区分?三者并无严格明晰的分界。在衍射仪获得的XRD图谱上,如果样品是较好的晶态物质,图谱的特征是有若干或许多个一般是彼此独立的很窄的尖峰(其半高度处的2θ宽度在0.1°~0.2°左右,这一宽度可以视为由实验条件决定的晶体衍射峰的最小宽度)。如果这些峰明显地变宽,则可以判定样品中的晶体的颗粒尺寸将小于300nm,可以称之为微晶。晶体的X射线衍射理论中有一个Scherrer公式,可以根据谱线变宽的量估算晶粒在该衍射方向上的厚度。非晶质衍射图的特征是:在整个扫描角度范围内(从2θ1°~2°开始到几十度)只观察到被散射的X射线强度的平缓的变化,其间可能有一到几个最大值;开始处因为接近直射光束强度较大,随着角度的增加强度迅速下降,到高角度强度慢慢地趋向仪器的本底值。从Scherrer公式的观点看,这个现象可以视为由于晶粒极限地细小下去而导致晶体的衍射峰极大地宽化、相互重叠而模糊化的结果。晶粒细碎化的极限就是只剩下原子或离子这些粒子间的近程有序了,这就是我们所设想的非晶质微观结构的场景。非晶质衍射图上的一个最大值相对应的是该非晶质中一种常发生的粒子间距离。技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部,主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块,占地面积、m2,总建筑面积、m2,共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋~12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2,共12栋,1~7栋建筑层数为11层,8~12栋11层(局部复式顶层),首层局部架空,布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalreven
本文标题:XRD-以及晶体结构的相关基础知识
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