高中英语人教版选修九同步课件U1P3Grammar

TheSubjectUnit1GrammarObjectives1.辨认主语的形式；2.认识主语在句中的作用。AshritaFurmanisasportsmanwholikesthechallengeofbreakingGuinnessrecords.Overthelast25years,hehasbrokenapproximately93Guinnessrecords.Somersaultingisatougheventasyouhavetoovercomedizziness,extremetirednessandpain.CoveringamileinthefastesttimewhiledoinggymnasticallycorrectlungesisyetanothereventinwhichAshritaisoutstanding.Lungesareextremelyhardonyourlegs.Fromthenon,Ashritarefusedtoacceptanyphysicallimitation.Ashritaalwaysacknowledgeshisteacherinhisrecord-breakingattempts.Wecalltheredwords——Subjects.SubjectThesubjectofasentenceistheperson,place,thing,orideathatisdoingorbeingsomething.1.WhatisSubject?Youcanfindthesubjectofasentenceifyoucanfindtheverb.Askthequestion,“Whoorwhat‘verbs’or‘verbed’?”andtheanswertothatquestionisthesubject.Forinstance,inthesentenceThecomputersintheLearningCentermustbereplaced,theverbismustbereplaced.Whatmustbereplaced?Thecomputers.Sothesubjectiscomputers.Noun,adjective,non-finiteverb(动词不定式Infinitive、动名词Gerund、分词Participle),it,nominativepersonalpronounandthesubjectclauseandsoon.2.WhatcanbeusedasSubject?Atreehasfallenacrossthestreet.Theambulanceisarriving.名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。1.名词作主语Youareamiddleschoolstudent.Helentmehisnewbike.Threeisenough.Twoandtwomakesfour.2.代词作主语3.数词作主语Tofindthetruthisverydifficult.It’sisverydifficulttofindthetruth.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Seeingisbelieving.4.不定式作主语5.动名词作主语A.动名词与不定式都可在句子中作主语。动名词作主语时一般来说指的是一个概念或一个既成事实。如：TeachingEnglishismyjob.TeachingEnglish是一个概念名词，而不是一个动作。B.当一个不定式短语作主语时，我们常用It作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式放到句子后边。这样的句型还用在It’s…forsb.todo…It’s…ofsb.todo…中。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性有关时，必须用It’s…ofsb.todo…；这类形容词包括good,bad,clever,stupid,wise,foolish,cruel,mean等。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性无关时，则要用It’s…forsb.todo…。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Oldandyoungwalkedsidebyside.Thedisabledarebeingcarefullytakencareof.6.名词化的形容词作主语7.名词化的过去分词作主语Wheneveryoucomewillbefine.8.从句作主语作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that，whether，wh-等词引导。BetweensixandseveninthemorningisthetimeIgojogging.Nearbyisagoodplaceforcamping.9.有时介词短语、副词或其短语位于主语位置是倒装结构(1)Itis+形容词(possible,clear,true,necessary,likely,nice等)+that(2)Itis+名词(apity,nouse,afact,nowonder等)+that用it作形式主语的句型有：(3)It+不及物动词(follows,happens,turnsout,goeswithoutsaying)+that(4)Itis+过去分词(thought,known,mentioned,said,expected,suggested,maybesafelysaid,mustbeadmitted,hasbeendecided)+that在以上句型中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。在这样的主语从句中that不能省略，就其本质讲，用That…iswell-known;That…issaid也是可以的。但是经过长期使用，上述句型已经被固定下来。Howtheywillmanagetocrosstheriverremainstobeseen.3.Asimplesubjectcanbemorethanoneword,evenanentireclause.4.InEnglish,thesubjectofacommand,order,orsuggestion—you,thepersonbeingdirected—isusuallyleftoutofthesentenceandissaidtobetheunderstoodsubject.e.g.1.(You)SteplivelythereorI’llleaveyoubehind.2.Beforeassemblingtheswingset,(you)readtheseinstructionscarefully.A.Ithankyou.B.Ineverheardofit.C.Itlookslikeit.D.Itsoundslikecommonsensetome.E.Itserveshimright.5.Infamiliarspeech,thesubjectissometimesleftoutwhenitisapronoun.Wecallitomissionofthesubject.InspokenEnglishweoftenhearsentenceslikethis:A.Thankyou.B.Neverheardofit.C.Lookslikeit.D.Soundslikecommonsensetome.E.Serveshimright._______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident'sattending本题考查动名词复合结构作主语。动名词复合结构作主语，须用名词的所有格，然后加动名词，其余选择均构不成合理句子结构。Underlinethesubjectinthesesentences.Ingroups,checkyouranswers.Thendiscusswhetheryouagreewiththeideasinthesentencesornot.1Everythingthatwedoisastepinonedirectionoranother.Eventhefailuretodosomethingisinitselfadeed.Itsetsusforwardorbackward.(HenryVanDyke)2.Someconceptionsofagentlemanarethese:agentlemanisalwaysconsiderateforthefeelingsofothers;hehastact—heknowshowtosayandtodotherightthingattherighttime.(Unknown)3Toregretone’serrorstothepointofnotrepeatingthemistruerepentance.(ErnestHemingway)4Thebestcompanionisonewhoiswiserandbetterthanourselves,forweareinspiredbyhiswisdomandvirtuetonoblerdeeds.(WilliamMakepeaceThayer)5Beinghappyisbetterthanbeingking.(WestAfricansaying)WorryingTwoheadsThosewhodonotlearnfromhistoryTotravelhopefullyFailingtoplanaredoomedtorepeatit.arebetterthanone.neverdidanyoneanygood.isplanningtofail.isabetterthingthantoarrive.MatchAmanwhoasksAmanwhoneverasksTheonewhounderstandsTheonewhospeaksWhatisdonedoesnotspeak.cannotbeundone.doesnotunderstand.isafoolforlife.isafoolforfiveminutes.Review复习主语：1.主语的定义；2.可以用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、词组、动词不定式、-ing形式、过去分词和从句。Individualactivity1.Wewrotealetterofthanksto____hadhelpedus.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever2.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthathemustn’tsmoke,but_____didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.itD.theyQuizI:Multiplechoice3.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.IfC.ThatD.Whether4.Justafterfinishingwritingthecomposition,_____.A.thedoorbellrangloudB.NancyheardthedoorbellrangC.someoneknockedatthedoorD.thedoorbellwasrung5.---Theexamwaseasy,wasn’tit?---Yes,butIdon’tthink_____couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody6.Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.They7._____makesthisshopdifferentisthatit