高二英语课件高二英语下学期动词不定式新目标高二英语课件

Margaret一.几个必需掌握和理解的语法概念动词谓语动词：IworkinHefengmiddleschool.非谓语动词动词不定式：IwanttoworkinHefengmiddleschool(谓语)(非谓语)Ving:IlikeworkinginHefengmiddleschool.(谓语)(非谓语)Vpp:Hemadehimselfunderstoodbyothers.(谓语)(非谓语)1.2.动词不定式的构成：to+V原形有时可以省略不定式符号to（1）在使役动词make,have,let后做宾补时（2）在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat,observe,listento等后作宾补时（3）情态动词后（4）help(to)do(5)do(did,done)but/except/besides(除了)+V原形：IcoulddonothingbutstayathomeWehadnochoicebuttoaccepttheresult.二.动词不定式的句法作用1.作主语：Itisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.(P2)Itispossibletoliveanindependentandfulfillinglife.(P4)2.作表语：MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(P3)Hisambitionistobecomeanactor.(P1)Ving与动词不定式作主语和表语在意义上没有多大的区别，可以互换。但有时Ving所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强，表示习惯性，泛指经常性，不具体的动作，而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为，尤其是将来的动作。Teachingismyjob(经常性的动作)Tobeateacherishergreatestwish(将来的动作)Herjobiskeepingtheofficeclean.(经常性动作)Herjobthisafternoonistocleantheoffice.(具体的一次性行为)Learningaboutalanguageiseasierthanusingit.Itiseasiertolearnaboutalanguagethantouseit.可互换3.作宾语Theydon’tknowhowtomakemewell(P2)Ihavelearnttoadapttomydisability(P2)ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker(P3)MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(P3)Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.(P3)Wethoughtitbettertostartearly(it作形式宾语)Theteachermadenocommentsexcepttotellhimtoworkhard.(作介词的宾语)Ving与动词不定式作宾语的区别：（1）在英语中，有一些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语Eg:agree,aim,ask,decline,demand,fail,hesitate,hope,hurry,manage,offer,plan,perpare,refuse,want,wish…….（2）在英语中，有一些动词后面只能接ing形式作宾语Eg:admit,avoid,consider,delay,feellike,finish,imagine,risk,suggest（3）在英语中，有一些动词后面既可以接不定式，也可以接ing形式作宾语，并且意义区别不大Eg:start,begin,prefer,like,intend（4）在英语中，有一些动词后面既可以接不定式，也可以接ing形式作宾语，但意义区别很大Eg:remember,forget,mean,regret,stop,try,goon,4.作宾补Mydisabilityhashelpedmetogrowstrongerandmoreindependent(P3)Thedoctorsmadehimgiveupsmoking.(省略to)Isawhimtakeyourdictionaryaway.Iwillgetsomeonetocarryyourluggage.Ving与不定式做宾补的区别：前者表示动作正在进行的状态，或表示多次反复的动作。不定式则表示动作的完成状态Isawhimwaitingatthebusstop(Ving表示动作正在进行)Isawhimenterthebuildingjustnow.(不定式表示的是一个动作的全过程)5.作状语：SomedaysIwastootiredtogetoutofbed.(P2)SometimesIamtooweaktogotoschool.(P3)Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.(P3)(1)作目的状语：Thewholefamilywenttothebeachtospendtheirweekend.Toachievehisambition,heworkshardeveryday.(2)作结果状语：Atthattime,shewastooyoungtounderstandthis.Theboxistoosmalltoholdallthesethings.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.注意：Ving作结果状语时，表示自然而然的，顺理成章的结果，而不定式作结果状语时表示意料外的，意想不到的结果Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.Theyhurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.（3）作原因状语：Weshallbeveryhappytohearfromyou.Allofuswereshockedtohearthenews6.作定语：Iamtheonlystudentstohaveapetsnake.(P3)Idon’thaveanytimetositaround.(P3)IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids.(P3)作定语时，Ving表示正在进行的动作，不定式往往表示将要发生的动作，Vpp则表示动作的被动和完成。Theoldmansittingatthetablewearsawhiteshirt.Thestudentstobeinterviewedarerequiredtobringallthenecessarypaperstwodayslater.Losttimecanneverbefoundagain.动词不定式常和一些表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或动词-ed形式后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。注意：不定式作原因状语多用在形容词之后，而Ving作原因状语时多放在句首Iamverygladtoseeyouagain.Beingateacher,youshouldalwaysthinkofyourstudents动词不定式作定语时，须放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，通常与其所修饰的名词或代词之间有一定的逻辑关系（1）主谓关系：Therearemanypeopletobelievehiswords.CaiLunisthefirstpersontoinventpaperintheworld.被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式行为的执行者（2）动宾关系：Thereisnomoretimetowaste.(towastetime)Theteacherleftusalotofhomeworktodo.(todohomework)Thereisasecrettolookinto.(tolookintoasecret.)Into不能省略被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式行为的承受者如果充当不定式的动词是不及物的，它后面应有必要的介词（3）修饰关系P491(1)Iforgottoaskyoutogotothebank.(2)Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.(3)Iknowhowtomakeamouseoutofmyhandkerchief.(疑问词+不定式)(4)Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmoreworktodo(5)Shewasverypleasedtohavetheopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.(6)Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhaveachild.