高考英语单项填空解题指导高三英语课件

高考英语单项填空解题指导一、命题特点１、纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。２、知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。３、某些题目选用了往年高考阅读理解题中的句子，某些出自词典。二、单项填空的解题指导要想在８分钟内完成１５道题且能得到较好的分数，应试者首先必须具备扎实的基础知识，然后掌握一定的解题技巧。倘若这两点都能做到，就水到渠成了。（一）补全法有时为了使语言生动、自然、简洁，经常采用省略形式。解题时要尽可能把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。例１、Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.()A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto分析：to的后面省略了ridehisbicycleA(二）简化法命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句、插入语或附加的次要信息，造成主谓隔离。解题时，如果将题干中的多余部分去掉，题干就会变得很简单，答案就可以迅速找到。例1、Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.()A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellasD.sowell分析:改题考查副词的同等比较,这一语法现象实际并不难,但题干中加入了省略形式的插入语(ifnotbetterthan)后,则加大了迷惑性.如果把插入语去掉,简化为Johnplaysfootball_____David.此时答案就一目了然.B例2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.()A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play分析:aswellastelephones是附加信息A例3.Thepersonwespokento_____noansweratfirst.()A.makeB.makingC.makesD.made分析:wespoketo是一个定语从句,将其去掉后会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词.D例４.Whodoyouthink___usatalkthisafternoon?()A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving分析:doyouthink是一个插入语C例５.Thedayswelookedforwardto____atlast.()A.comesB.tocomeC.cameD.coming分析:本题很容易被误认为是一个介词to后面要接动名词。实际上welookedforwardto是一个定语从句,介词to已有其相应的宾语,是省略了的引导词，将从句去掉就可看出本题缺少一个谓语.C(三).把握语境法在一定的语境中进行语法知识和语言知识的考查,是近年高考英语试题中常见的题目,这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点,认真思考,仔细分析,才能确定正确答案。例1--AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?()--I’mnotsure,I___gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might分析：该题考查情态动词在语境中的的运用。如果脱离了具体的语境，四个选项都正确，但根据答语I’mnotsure可得出答案。D例２、Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.()A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying分析：根据studied可确定过去Robert在国外学习。A（四）找提示词法对于有些题来说，若找到关键的提示词（如but,and,otherwise等）就会迎刃而解。例１、Theyareallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.()A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither分析：but表示转折C例２___itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.()A.WhatleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.LeaveD（五）转化法（还原法）高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命题者有意把题干复杂化,将其改写成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题,考生可以反其道而行之,把题干还原成自己熟悉的结构,题目就变得简单了。1.将倒装句改成陈述句.例1.Whomwouldyouratherhave____withyou?()A.togoB.goC.goneD.going分析:本题测试的知识点是havesbdosth改写题干成陈述句,则应是Youwouldratherhavewhom___withyou.C例2.Never____timecomebackagain.()A.willloseB.willlostC.lostD.willtolose分析:改写成陈述句后其结构为:Losttimewillnevercomebackagain.B2.将陈述句改为倒装句。我们首次接触时是一个倒装句,而命题者恰恰有意地使用陈述句来命题,题目便具有很大的迷惑性。例1、Wehad____lefthomethanitbegantorain.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearly分析:Nosooner…..than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型改写句型:____hadwelefthomethanitbegantorain.A例2.Wehad____arrivedatthetrainstationwhenthetrainbegantomove.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearlyhardly…when,nosoonerthan一…就B３.改被动句为主动句。例1、Timeshouldbemadegooduse___ourlessonswell.（）A.learningB.learnedC.oftolearnD.tolearn改写句子：Weshouldmakegooduseoftime___ourlessonswell.C例2、Thelittleboywascaught___intheshop.()A.tostealB.stealingC.stealD.stole分析：本题考查的知识点是catchsbdoingsthB４、改省略句为一个完整的句子例1、—Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?----____1982.()A.AfterB.InC.SinceD.From分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子Thisbookshophasbeeninbusiness____1982.什么词能同现在完成时态连用呢？C例2—Whatmadehermothersoangry?()----____theexam.A.Becauseshedidn’tpassB.HernotpassingC.Shedidn’tpassD.Becausehernotpassing分析：将答语部分补全应为：____theexammadehermothersoangry.可以看出少了一个主语.B（六）逆向思维法逆向思维是一种创造性的思维，它冲破了固有的“思维定势”，运用逆向思维，在目前灵活多变的高考试题中，可收到意想不到的效果。例：Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as（）Information后常接同位语从句。检查空白后的句子可以确定它是同位语从句，说明information的内容。Bhaveatry1.Wasitin1969____theAmericanastronautssucceeded___landingonthemoon?A.when,onB.that,onC.when,inD.that,in2.___someofthisjuice----perhapsyou’lllikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3.---Whydoyouwantthebooksomuch?---,sir.A.StudyingB.StudiedC.StudiesD.Tostudy4.Ifindrecordsare___orbetterthananactualperformance.A.asgoodasB.asgoodC.sowellasD.goodasDBDA5.Isthisschool____youvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.towhichC.theoneD.where6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then7.Whowillyouhave_____?A.TorepairthemachineB.repairthemachineC.themachinerepairedD.repairedthemachine8.Itwasonlythen___realizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.A.didheB.couldheC.whenwecouldD.thatwedid9.Thesestoriesweremade_____hisownhead.A.outofB.upofC.intoD.upoutof10.Hehadmadeanotherdiscovery,_____ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkitisB.whichIthinkisC.IthinkthatisD.ofwhichIthinkisCABDDB11.Thecave___verydark,hemadesomecandles___light.A.was;giveB.was;beinggivenC.being;togiveD.being;give12.Whichis____country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largeC.alargerD.thelarger13.Inmyopinion,itisthebestusethatcouldbe____ofthemoney.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.spentD.made14.---Waiter!---_________---Ican’teatthis.It’stoosalty.A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.Alltight?D.Pardon?CDDA