基于DSP的三相异步电动机变频调速系统研究与设计

CopyRight©2008LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity单位代码：10615西南石油大学硕士学位论文论文题目：基于DSP的三相异步电动机变频调速系统研究与设计研究生姓名：罗辉导师姓名：胡泽（教授）学科专业：测试计量技术及仪器研究方向：智能化仪器及计算机测控2008年4月28日CopyRight©2008LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityCopyRight©2008LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityI摘要电机节能问题一直是广大学者研究的热点，在电机节能技术中昀受瞩目的是变频调速技术。本文研究一种基于数字信号处理器（DSP）的三相异步电动机变频调速系统。论文首先阐述三相异步电动机的脉宽调制技术和矢量控制原理。脉宽调制技术中重点分析正弦波脉宽调制技术（SPWM）和电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术（SVPWM）的基本原理和控制算法。矢量控制思想是将异步电机模拟成直流电机，通过坐标变换，将定子电流矢量分解为按转子磁场定向的两个直流分量，实现磁通和转矩的解耦控制。论文用Matlab/Simulink软件对三相异步电动机矢量控制系统进行仿真研究，并在此基础上对矢量控制变频调速系统进行硬件和软件设计。在硬件设计方面，系统以TI公司的TMS320LF2407ADSP芯片为控制电路核心，以三菱公司智能功率模块（IPM）PM25RSB-120为主电路核心，对三相交流整流滤波电路、IPM驱动和保护电路、相电流检测电路、转速检测电路、显示电路以及DSP与PC机通信电路等模块进行设计。在软件设计方面，本文用汇编语言编写基于TMS320LF2407ADSP的三相异步电动机矢量控制程序，整个矢量控制程序由主程序和中断服务子程序组成。昀后构建三相异步电动机变频调速实验装置，在该装置上进行变频调速实验研究。实验结果表明用SVPWM技术和矢量控制技术可以成功实现三相异步电动机变频调速功能。采用矢量控制技术后，系统稳态精度高，动态调节时间短、超调量小、抗扰能力强。该变频调速系统的研究与设计为今后开发更高性能的变频调速系统创造了条件。关键词：三相异步电动机数字信号处理器智能功率模块矢量控制电压空间矢量脉宽调制CopyRight©2008LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityIIAbstractThetopicofEnergysavingonmotorsystemhasalwaysbeingresearchedbyscholars,andthevariablefrequencyvariablespeedtechnologyhasbeenpaidthefocusattentionamongtheresearches.Thevariablefrequencyvariablespeedsystemofthree-phaseasynchronousmotorbasedonDSPhasbeenresearchedinthispaper.Firstofall,thepulsewidthmodulationtechnologyandthevectorcontrolprincipleforthree-phaseasynchronousmotorwereanalyzedinthepaper.ThebasicprinciplesandcontrolmethodsofSPWM&SVPWMweremainlyanalyzed.Bytransformingcoordinate,thestatorcurrentisdecomposingtwoDCpartswhichorientatedastherotatormagneticfieldandcontrolledrespectively.Somagneticfluxandtorquearedecoupled,andtheasynchronousmotorwascontrolledasaDCmotor.Then,thevectorcontrolsimulationsystemwereanalyzedbyusingMatlab/Simulink,andthehardwareandsoftwareofthesystemweredesignedbasedonthesimulation.Inhardware,theTMS320LF2407ADSPofTIandPM25RSB-120ofMITSUBISHIweretakenasthekeycontrollerofthesystem.Atthesametime,thepaperhasanalyzedthethree-phaseAC-DCcircuit,thefiltercircuit,thedrivecircuitandtheprotectioncircuitoftheIPM,thecurrentandthespeedmeasurementcircuit,thedisplaycircuit,thecommunicationcircuitbetweenDSPandPCandsoon.Insoftware,asetofassemblylanguageformainprogramandinterruptsubprogramswereestablishedbasedonTMS320LF2407A.Atthelast,theexperimentaldevicewhichwasmadeaccordingtothedesignofvariablefrequencyvariablespeedsystemhasbeenestablished,andtheexperimentswerecarriedon.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthevectorcontrolandSVPWMtechnologyusedinthesystemissuccessful.Andthewholesystemrunwellwithhighaccuracyofsteady-state,quickdynamicresponse,smallovershootsandstronganti-interferencecapabilitybyusingvectorcontroltechnology.Itoffershelpsforhighperformancemotorcontrolsystemswhichwouldbestudiedaftertime.Keywords:Three-phaseAsynchronousMotorDigitalSignalProcessorIntelligentPowerModuleVectorControlSpaceVectorPulseWidthModulationCopyRight©2008LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityIII目录摘要................................................................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................................................II1绪论................................................................................................................................................11.1前言.......................................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................11.3研究背景和研究内容............................................................................................................32三相异步电动机的脉宽调制和矢量控制技术.............................................................................52.1变频调速的基本控制方式....................................................................................................52.2脉宽调制技术........................................................................................................................62.2.1正弦波脉宽调制（SPWM）技术.............................................................................62.2.2电压空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）技术..............................................................82.3矢量控制技术......................................................................................................................112.3.1矢量控制原理...........................................................................................................112.3.2坐标变换及变换矩阵...............................................................................................123三相异步电动机矢量控制系统Simulink仿真..........................................................................143.1磁链观测模型的建立..........................................................................................................143.2矢量控制系统的Simulink仿真模型.................................................................................163.3矢量控制系统的Simulink仿