初中英语冠词代词的总结

ReviewsByCynthiaChoiContentA.冠词B.代词冠词不定冠词a/an定冠词the不定冠词•所谓不定冠词，关键在于“不定”二字。也就是说，没有特定。Eg:Thisisabeautifulflower.Ihaveacat.•A/an主要判断在于所修饰的名词/名词短语的发音是否以原音为首Eg:Itisagirl.Mr.Smithhasasmartchild.Whataniceday!Thereisanappledroppingfromthetree.LasteveningIreadaninterestingstory.Anoldmanlivesinthishouse.定冠词The*所谓定冠词，就是指“特定，特指的”1.第二次提及、出现的Eg:Tomfoundawalletontheground.ThewalletisMary’s.2.说话人之间所熟悉的，了解的Eg：-Look,howlovelythedogis!-Yeah,thedogisplayingwiththeball.3.世界上独一无二的事物Eg:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.TheGreatWallisthelongestwallintheworld.4.序数词和最高级形容词Eg:Jeremygetsthefirstpricein100-metre-running.ThetallestboyinourclassisJason.Ithinkthisdayisthemostwonderfulday.定冠词The5.特指某一事物、某一个人Eg:Theboyinbluejacketismybrother.Mybookistheoneonthetable.PS：one在此是代词，代book6.乐器前面Eg:Myhobbyisplayingthepiano.7.在形容词前面加the，表示一类人，一类事物Eg:Theoldshouldbetakencareof.Weshouldhelpthepoor.8.修饰姓加S，如TheSmiths指一家人Eg:TheCurriesarenice.零冠词“/”•判断是否用零冠词，可以根据是否符合冠词的条件，不符合则零冠词。•Eg:IamChinese.•SheisChinesebutshecanspeakFrench.•注意区分：IamChinese.•IamaChinesegirl.•关键在于Chinese后面是否有名词，若有名词则需要用冠词，此处没有特指（即不定），所以用不定冠词，而不用the。Exercises1•用a,an,the,/填空•1.-Tom,mayIborrow___bookfromyou?•-Yes,comehere.•2.-HeyJeff,whereismypen?•-_____redone?Iseeitontheteacher’sdesk.•3.MyteacherisfromCanadaandshespeak____Englishaswellas_____French.•4.Scientistsfindouttheremaybecreaturesin____moon.•5.Pleaselookat____fifthpicture.•6.Whichonedoyoulikebest,____blackoneor______whiteone?•7.Iwillspend____houronstudy.•8.Sarahlikesreadingandplaying_____guitar.•9.Johnismypenpalandheis____Americanstudent.•10.Myneighbor______Swiftsareveryfriendly.•AnswerForEx1代词•指示代词•人称代词•物主代词•不定代词•反身代词•疑问代词指示代词•顾名思义，含有“指示”的作用，简单言之，这个，这些，那个，那些•ThisTheseThatThose近指：“这”，this&these区别在于一单一复Eg:Thisbookisveryinteresting.Thesebooksareveryinteresting.远指：“那”，区别同上Eg:Thatboyoverthereismyclassmate.Thoseboysovertherearemyclassmates.人称代词人称代词，就是代替“人称”，通常第二次提及同一个人就用人称代词。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeWeus第二人称YouyouYouyou第三人称SheherTheythemHehimItitPS：主格则作为主语，宾格则作为宾语。简单句的结构：主语+谓语+宾语•1.Mrs.ShawnisanEnglishteacherandsheisverykind.•2.JefftellsmethathegetsAinmath.•3.-Don’tdisturbHilary.Shestudiedallnight.Letherhaveagoodrest.•4.-Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?•5.Itisgoingtorain.WehavetotellKateandEvetotakeumbrellas,ortheywillgetwet.•注意是充当主语还是宾语。物主代词物主也就是说表示从属、所属关系，即涉及谁属于谁、谁是谁的、某物是某人的。•单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称MymineOurours第二人称YouryoursYouryours第三人称HerhersTheirtheirsHishisItsits注意形容词性即充当形容词，后加名词。名词性即包含了名词。如：Jim指着桌子上的电话说：Thisismyphone.Thisismine.那么，myphone=mine.虽然翻译成中文，都是“我的”，但名词性的物主代词如mine其实是“我的XX”，而后加的名词是被省略了。•1.-Whosebookisit?-Itismine.2.Therearemanypencilsandmypencilisred.3.YougetAintheexam,whatabouttheirresults?4.Ourfathersareteachers,andtheirsaredoctors.5.Lookatthisblackcat.Ithastwobigeyesanditshairisverysoft.6.Carolsaysshewilltakeherphotostous.注意：判断是形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词，关键看后面是否有名词。Ps:加粗黑体为人称代词。Exercises21.Thisweekwearegoingtoseeamovie,whatabout____?A.yourB.youC.yoursD.us2.Theyarewaitingfor___motherstotake____home.A.theirtheyB.theirsthemC.theirtheirD.theirthem3.Jackhasalovelycat._____earsaretriangleand____isfromBritain.A.ItitB.ItsheC.ItitsD.Itsit4.-WhereisJason’sbag?Heasksmetohelp__findit.-Whatcoloris___?A.heitB.hisitsC.hisitD.himitAnswersForEx2Knowledgeadded______fathersareteachers.______fatherisateacher.A.ElenaandJeremy’sB.Elena’sandJeremyC.ElenaandJeremyD.Elena’sandJeremy’sKnowledgeadded1.D根据题目，fathers,are,teachers等复数词提示，Elena和Jeremy的父亲不是同一个人，那么是sb’sandsb’s的表达形式。2.A根据题目，father,is,a,teacher等单数词提示，Elena和Jeremy的父亲是同一个人，那么只需要写成sbandsb’s.至于其他形式都是错的，而且选项C纯粹是名词，题目需要一个修饰主语father的物主性形容词，所以也不符合。AnswersForEx1,2•Ans1•1.a•2.The•3.//•4.the•5.the•6.thethe•7.an•8.the•9.an•10.theAnswersForEx1,2•Ans2•1.B•2.D•mothers提示了此处是形容词性物主代词，第二空take后接宾语•，所以是宾格them•3.D•首先ears的存在提示了此处应该是物主代词，因为涉及了从属所属关系，所以排除AC，又因为后句缺少的主语是猫的代词，应该用动物它，it.•4.D•句子Heasksme...需要一个人称代词，而help后面接宾语，所以是him,句子whatcolor...缺少主语。不定代词•不定，即没有限定，不具体的。1.Some&AnySome:主要用在肯定句和用在含有请求、询问意见的意思时的疑问句Any:主要用在否定句和疑问句Eg:a.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.肯定句b.Wouldyouliketogivemesomebooks?请求、询问意见的疑问句c.Isthereanybookonthedesk?疑问句d.Thereisnotanybookonthedesk.否定句PS:注意句b是询问别人意见，通常是索取某物，而句c虽然也在询问，但是在询问有没有，这是询问事实，而不是询问意见，所以不同的。2.every,each,all,both等不定代词。a.every&eachEg:Everystudentgoestoschoolat7:00am.Eachofstudentsgoestoschoolat7:00am.Every和each都是每一个的意思，那么动词需要用单数形式Every直接加名词，而each需要接of+名词复数，Each不同于every的是，它是众多数的每一个b.All&bothEg:Allstudentsgotoschoolat7:00am.BothMaryandTomgotoschoolat7:00am.Bothofyougotoschoolat7:00am.all是三者以上，意为全部；both是两者，意为两者都。所以两词的动词都是原形形式。Both…and….或者Bothof+复数宾格或者名词复数3.复合不定代词（即不定代词的复合词）如:something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody和everybody等。用法跟some,any相似。KnowledgeaddedA.Iknowsomethingabouther.Iknoweverythingabouther.以下两句意思是相同的nothing=not动词anything表示否定Iknownothingabouther.Idon’tknowanythingabouther.不定代词+形容词Thereissomethinginterestinginthisbook.-Isthereanybodyhere?[有人吗？]-Yes,somebodyishere.[有人]-No,nobodyishere.[没有人]此处anybody是任何人的意思，也就是随便问是否有人，而somebody是某个人，回答有人，但具体是谁不知道。-Iseverybodyhere?[大家都来在吗？]-No,Jimisathome.-Yes,allarehere.此处是问是否人都来齐了。B.Exercises3用不定代词填空。1.____JessicaandJenny