非谓语动词的时态语态

非谓语动词的时态、语态主动语态时态．不定式动名词分词一般时tododoingdoing进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone被动语态一般时tobedonebeingdonedone进行时beingdone完成时tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，（即是不明确过去，现在或将来的动作）或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作WeareinterestedinclimbingmountainsIprefersingingtodancing2如果强调动名词的完成时，要用完成形式Iregrethavingtakenheradvice.Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式HeenteredtheroomwithoutbeingseenHerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild4如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.Tomregrettednothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语)B.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.Task:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone二、不省“to”的情况(1)在usedto\begoingto\meanto\oughtto\planto\tryto\wouldliketo\wouldloveto\hopeto\wantto下列句子中，to通常都得留Eg:Hedoesn’tgetupearly,butheusedto–canyouworkoutthismathsproblem?--I’lltryto(2)在be+adj(如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready）等此后保留toEg：---Wouldyouliketojoinusinthegame?---I’dloveto3.在ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,wish等词的复合结构中to通常保留Eg:Dotheexperimentasyourteachertellsyouto4.不定式的否定形式后保留toEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimnotto注：to后若是主动词have或be时，必须保留。Eg:---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework.---YououghttohaveOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobeWh-+todo结构1作主语Whentostart\Howtogothere\Wheretogo\Whotodoithasnotbeendecided.2宾语。在discover,findout,know,see,show,understand等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh--+to结构，在下列词中也带这种结构,decide,learn,remember,forget,wonderIdon’tknowwhentostartwhotodoit\howtodoit\wheretogo\whethertodoit3表语Theproblemiswhentostartit\whotodoit\howtogothere\wheretogo4状语。Shewasataloss(asto)whattodo她不知如何是好5同位语：Ihavenoideawhichonetotake我不知道该拿哪个注：why(not)do…Task:completethefollowingsentences1.__________________(什么时候动身）isstillundecided.2.Theproblemis________________________(去哪）？3.Idon’tknow_________________________(选择哪一个）4.Doyouunderstand____________________(如何操纵这台电脑）?5.______________________(谁适合这项工作)isstillunknown.6.Ihavenoidea____________________________(为什么不去北京）7.You’dbetter_______________________(不要忘记过去）8.Iwouldratherstarvetodeath___________________(也不去乞讨）9._____________(我宁愿考试不及格）ratherthancheatintheexam10.Noonesupportedmeatthemeeting,so_________(我只得放弃）11.WhatIwanttodois____________________(帮你提高英语）12.Icoulddonothingintheworld_________（只能在词在等一小时）13.------Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdaypa