威廉.福克纳小说《熊》的主题意蕴与生态伦理解读

1ContentsAbstract......................................................................................................................1内容摘要....................................................................................................................1Introduction..............................................................................错误!未定义书签。1.TheThemeAnalysisofTheBear..........................................错误!未定义书签。1.1AlienationoftherelationshipbetweenHumanandNature............................51.2.TheThemeofEthics......................................................................................72.InterpretationofTheBearfromthePerspectiveofEcologicalEthics..................92.1AnIntroductiontoEcologicalEthicsTheory.................................................92.2AlienationandPursuitofEthicalIdentity...................................................102.3MoralAnxietyundertheConditionofEthicalConstraints............................113.TheInfluenceofFaulkner'sEthicsandItsImplication......1错误!未定义书签。3.1BuildingSpiritualHomeforEcologicalHarmony.....................................143.2ConstructingEthicalEnvironmentofFreedomandEquality.......................15Conclusion..............................................................................1错误!未定义书签。References................................................................................................................192威廉.福克纳小说《熊》的主题意蕴与生态伦理解读InterpretationofTheBearfromthePerspectiveofEcologicalEthicsandItsThematicImplicationsAbstractWilliamFaulknerwastheforemostsouthernwriterof20thcentury.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1950.Thebear,oneofFaulkner'sWildernessTrilogy,whichwashailedasoneofthebeststoriesin20thcentury.Itseemsatfirstthetaleofaboylearningtohunt,butbeneaththesimplestoryliesthe“olduniversaltruth”--courage,honor,hope,pride,sympathy,comparisonandsacrifice.ThethemeconcealedinTheBearweredrawnattentionsfromagreatmanyscholarsathomeandabroad,whomostlyfocusonthesouthernhistory,theimageof‘Bear’,racialdiscrimination,narrativeperspectiveandthestreamofconsciousnesstechniques.However,fewerresearchesinviewpointofecologicalethicshavebeendonetointerpretthenovel.Thisessayistoexploretherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureaswellascivilizationandwildernessbasedonthetheoryofecologicalethics.Itintendstoconcludethatthebearisasymbolcalledfornaturalconsciousnessandsocialmorality.Aconcreteanalysisofthethemeof”TheBear”indicatesthattheimportanceofkeepingtheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanandnatureanditssignificancetothepresentsociety.Thisthesisconsistsoffivechapters.ThechapteronegivesanintroductionforWilliamFaulknerandhisworks,andreviewsthepreviousstudiesonThebear,thenpresentstheobjectiveandsignificanceofthethesis.ChapterTwobrieflyintroducethetheme.ChapterThreeanalyzestherelationshipbetweenthewildernessandcivilizationfromtheperspectiveofecologicalethics.ChapterFourdiscussestheitstheinfluenceandenlightenmentof“Thebear”inmodernsociety.ChapterFivesummariesthemainresultsoftheresearch.KeyWords：TheBear;theme;ecologicalethics3摘要威廉·福克纳是20世纪美国南方文学最具影响力的作家之一。1950年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。《熊》是福克纳所著的森林三部曲中的一部，被誉为20世纪最著名的中篇小说。这部小说的所描述的不仅是艾萨克的成长经历，而是美国、整体人类的未来。它让我们看到了“人类心灵深处从远古以来就存有的真实情感”，这亘古不变的真理就是：“勇气、荣誉、希望、尊严、怜悯之心和栖牲精神”。《熊》的丰富内涵和创作特点一直以来备受学者们的关注，主要从以下四个方面进行探究：南方历史，种族歧视，叙事话语以及意识流技巧。而本文是从生态伦理的视角去解读这部小说的内涵意义，进一步探讨人与自然，文明与荒野之间的关系。从而揭示熊是一种自然意象，它呼唤着自然意识和社会道德的觉醒。通过分析，还揭示出人与自然和谐关系的重要性以及生态批评对现代社会的启示意义。本文分为五个部分，第一章主要介绍了作者和作品，以及作品的相关研究。第二章简要介绍了主题意义。第三章从文学伦理学批评的视角出发，解读了《熊》中体现的伦理主题。第四章论述了福克纳的伦理思想对当今社会的深刻启示。结尾部分总结研究结果，指出作品的主题蕴意和作者生态伦理观。关键词:《熊》;主题蕴意;生态伦理观1IntroductionFaulknerisoneofrepresentativeAmericanwritersofmodernisminthe20thcentury.HegivesadetailedportraitofsocialcrisisandcontradictionsexistedintheAmericansouthatthattime,andpresentsnearlytwohundredyearsofsocialhistoricalreality.Faulknermadealifetimetocreate19novelsandnearlyonehundredofshortnovels.AllhisnovelsaresetinYoknapatawphaCounty,theuniqueformofartisticexpressionandtheprofoundconnotationwontheworldrecognition.HewontheNobelprizeforliteraturein1950.Faulkner'swritingcareerstartsfromthefirstpoemTheMarbleFaunwithapurelyaestheticsensein1924,andendswiththelastnovelPredatorsin1962.Hiscreativecareerspannedthefourdecades.Faulkner'screationprocesspassedthroughthechangesintwoperiod.ItisworthwhiletonotethatThebearscreatedatasignificanttransformingperiod.From1924to1936,Faulkner'searlierworksshowsflashesoftragedy.Heispessimisticaboutthelivingenvironmentforhuman,especiallyconspicuoussuchworksasTheSoundandFury(1929),AsILayDying(1930),TheTemple(1931),Absalom,Absalom!(1936)inhisgoldenage.FaulknercreatedmanyunforgettablecharactersinhisnovelssuchasAmericanSouthernfadearistocrats,poorwhites,theemergingambitiouscapitalist.Peoplefromallsocialstratawereenvelopedinviolence,murder,incestandtheshadowofdeath,andsuffocatingthemselveswiththepessimisticsocialorderchaosandsocialenvironment.InthemidlateperiodofinFaulkner'scareer(1936-1962),thereweresignsofoptimisminhisworks.Hebelievesthathumanbeingscanbreakoffthedarkrealityandrealizeimmortalthroughtheirownha