高中英语语法复习课件：英语句子概论

英语句子概论英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列连词:•平行并列连词:•转折并列连词：•因果并列连词:•选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so复合句:主句+从句■名词性从句■定语从句■状语从句■主语从句■表语从句■宾语从句■同位语从句NounClause名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句ObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。宾语从句的注意事项引导词句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句if/whether(是否)特殊疑问词特殊疑问句一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别:Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whomwehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDPredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：1.在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.That’s___theP