Data Analysis

Eve9810001MSabrina9810002MDataAnalysis,Interpretation,andReportingOutlineDataAnalyticStrategiesSixStepsinQualitativeDataAnalysisGroundedTheoryAnalysisStrategiesInterpretationIssuesinQualitativeDataAnalysisWritingResearchReportsWaysofConductingReportsDataAnalyticStrategiesRecursiveanalyticstrategies:analyzecasesgeneratefindingsdrawconclusionfromgroundedtheorywritereportNinequalitativedataanalysisprinciples:1.Collectthedatainthefieldandstudyallthedatacarefullytofindoutsimilaritiesanddifference,conceptsandreflection.2.Thedataanalysiscanbestoppedonlywiththeemergenceofregularities(Saturationandsufficiencyofinformation).3.Accountabilityofinformation:Keepnotesortranscriptsifreadersorreviewerswanttoreviewthedataanalysisproceduresandresults.4.Dividethedataintosmaller,moremeaningunitsrelatedtoyourmajorpointsafterreadingthemall.5.Organizethesmallerunitsintocategories(basedonmajorpoints).Theprocessisinductive.6.Usecomparisontobuildandrefinecategories,defineconceptualsimilarities,findnegativeevidence,anddiscoverpatterns.Ex:proonepatterncononepattern7.Thecategoriesareflexibleandaremodifiedasfurtherdataanalysisoccurs.8.Analyzenegativecasestoreflecttheirperspectives.9.Synthesizethepatternsintothegroundedtheory.(A)(B)(C)(B)(B)(C)(C)CodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCodeCategor1(pro1)Category2(pro2)Category3(pro3)Category4(con1)Pattern1Pattern2GroundedTheorySuggestionsShouldbe:-connectedwithwhatisbeingdiscussedinthemajorpoints.-exactexcerptusedinthestatement.Shouldnotbe:-basedoninterviewer’spersonalopinions.-irrelevanttothemajorpoints.SixStepsinQualitativeDataAnalysis1.Givecodesfromthenotes.2.Notepersonalreflectionsinthemargin.3.Sortandsiftthenotestoidentifysimilaranddifferentrelationshipsbetweenpatterns.4.Identifythesepatterns,similaritiesanddifferences.5.Elaborateasmallsetofgeneralizationsthatcovertheconsistencies.6.Examinethosegeneralizationsandformgroundedtheory.GroundedTheoryAnalysisStrategiesGroundedtheory:AprocessofconstructingvariousdataInductiveprocessbycollecting,analyzingandcomparingdatasystematically.Theoryisgroundedondatatoexplainthephenomena.Themainpurposeistodeveloptheorythroughunderstandingconceptsthatarerelatedbymeansofstatementsofrelationships.Recurbymovingbackandforthwiththedata,analyzing,collectingmoredataandanalyzingsomemoreuntilreachingconclusions.Aninteractionalmethodoftheorybuildingbycomparingandanalyzingthedata.Threestepsinthegroundedtheoryanalyticprocess:1.Opencoding:Breakdataintosmallpartscompareforsimilaritiesanddifferencesexplainthemeaningsofthedatabyfocusingon“who,when,where,what,howmuch,why”(askquestionstogetaclearstory)2.Axialcoding:Afteropencoding,makeconnection(sort)betweencategoriesandconfirmordisconfirmyourhypotheses.3.Selectivecoding:Selectthecorecategory(matchhypotheses)andexplaintheminorcategory(againsthypotheses)withadditionalsupportingdata.Codingprocess:OpencodingAxialcodingSelectcodingInterpretationIssuesinQualitativeDataAnalysisA.TriangulatingDataUsemultiplemethodsanddatasourcestosupportthestrengthofinterpretationsandconclusionEx)semi-structuredinterviews,consentform,groundedtheoryB.AuditsQuestionstoexaminethedataforinterpretationsandconclusion1.Issamplingappropriatetogroundthefindings?2.Arecodingstrategiesappliedcorrectly?3.Isthecategoryprocessappropriate?4.Dotheresultslinkhypotheses?(examineliteraturereview)5.Arethenegativecasesexplained?(minority’svoice)SuggestionsFourstepsofnegativecasetesting1.Makearoughhypothesis2.Conductathoroughsearch3.Discardorreformulatehypothesis4.ExamineallrelevantcasesC.CulturalbiasDiscussculturaldifferenceswithdifferentgroupsofparticipantsToseewhetherdivergenceisbasedonculturallydifferentinterpretationsD.GeneralizationNotappropriateforqualitativeresearchTwoperspectivesforgeneralization1.Case-to-casetranslation(transferability)-byprovidingthickdescriptiontoapplytoanothersetting2.Analyticgeneralization-formaparticularsetofresultstoabroadertheoryEx)usedeviantcasesWritingResearchReportsA.IntroductionB.LiteratureReviewC.MethodologyD.Results:Tietheresultstostudypurpose(hypotheses)E.DiscussionsandConclusion:Tiediscussionstotheliterature;recommendationsforpractice;limitationsofthestudyWaysofConductingReportsA.QuantitativereportsReportresultsbytheuseoftablesandgraphsAvoidfirst-personpronounUsepassivevoice(Itisshown/suggestedthat…)B.QualitativereportsLookforadeepandvaliddescription(narrativestyle)Lookforwell-groundedtheorySeekcontextualmeaningbyunderstandingdemographicinformation(differentexperiences)Thankyouforyourattention.