2020版导与练一轮复习语言知识必修5Unit3能力提升题组训练BWord版含解析

能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.及最后一句Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBioengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlocatewhereinthebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldprovideawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalprocedureslikebiopsies(活组织检查).CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedbydyingtumorcells.ThesetestsareshowingpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebloodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethetumoris.“Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZhang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniorauthorofthestudy.Inthisstudy,Zhangandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdetecttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartstotakeoverapartofthebody,itcompeteswithnormalcellsfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdie,theyreleasetheirDNAintothebloodstream—andthatDNAcouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmethylationhaplotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidentifiedbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.“Wemadethisdiscoverybyaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalapproachandjustlookingforcancercellsignalsandtryingtofindoutwheretheywerecomingfrom.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromothercellsandrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalstogether,wecouldactuallydeterminethepresenceorabsenceofatumor,andwherethetumorisgrowing,”Zhangsaid.Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearchersputtogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpatternsof10differentnormaltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancreas,spleen,stomachandblood).TheyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandbloodsamplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanDiegoMooresCancerCentertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarkers.Zhangandhisteamthenscreenedbloodsamplesfromindividualswithandwithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandthetissue-specificmethylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadualauthenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff,isrequiredtoassignapositivematch.“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomovethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologists(肿瘤学家)tofurtheroptimize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.5.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbloodtest.A.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsiesC.makesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.ca