西方哲学术语英汉对照简表

西方哲学术语英汉对照简表aprioria/posterioridistinction先验-后验的区分abstractideas抽象理念abstractobjects抽象客体analysis分析analytic/syntheticdistinction分析-综合的区分autonomy自律axioms公理CategoricalImperative绝对命令categories范畴Categorymistake范畴错误causation因果关系certainty确定性chaostheory混沌理论class总纲、类clearnessanddistinctness清楚与明晰cogitoergosum我思故我在concept概念consciousness意识consent同意consequentialism效果论conservative保守的consistency一致性，相容性constructivism建构主义contentsofconsciousness意识的内容contingent/necessarydistinction偶然-必然的区分contradiction矛盾（律）conventionalism约定论criterion准则，标准critique批判，批评Dasein此在，定在deconstruction解构主义deontology义务论dialectic辩证法didactic说教的dualism二元论egoism自我主义、利己主义empiricism经验主义Enlightenment启蒙运动（思想）essence本质event事件、事变evolutionaryepistemology进化认识论explanation解释fallibilism谬误论fictionalentities虚构的实体firstphilosophy第一哲学formal形式的foundationalism基础主义freewillanddeterminism自由意志和决定论function函项（功能）good善happiness幸福hedonism享乐主义hermeneutics解释学（诠释学，释义学）historicism历史论（历史主义）holism整体论idealism理念论ideas理念identity同一性imagination想象力immatericalsubstance非物质实体immutable不变的、永恒的individualism个人主义（个体主义）induction归纳inference推断infiniteregress无限回归intentionality意向性irreducible不可还原的logicalatomism逻辑原子主义logicalpositivism逻辑实证主义logomachy玩弄词藻的争论materialism唯物论（唯物主义）maxim箴言，格言method方法methodology方法论model样式modern现代的naturalselection自然选择necessary必然的nominalism唯名论nonEuclideangeometry非欧几里德几何OckhamRazor奥卡姆剃刀omnipotenceandomniscience全能和全知ontology本体论（存有学）paradox悖论perception知觉phenomenology现象学picturetheoryofmeaning意义的图像说pluralism多元论polis城邦possibleworld可能世界postmodernism后现代主义presupposition预设primaryandsecondaryqualities第一性的质和第二性的质principleofnoncontradiction不矛盾律proposition命题rationalnumbers有理数realnumber实数realism实在论reason理性，理智relativity(theoryof)相对（论）rights权利rule规则ruleutilitarianism功利主义规则semantics语义学sensedata感觉材料，感觉资料socialcontract社会契约subjective/objectivedistinction主客区分substance实体，本体syllogism三段论things-in-themselves物自体thought思想thoughtexperiment思想实验transcendental先验的truth真理understanding理解universals共相，一般，普遍verficationprinciple证实原则virtue美德