医学词汇构词法

ByWangLanyingForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabularyACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguideIII.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamicallyDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?BasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.1.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningformElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciationMedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature70%15%15%123Essentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsThe2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabularyCombiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cuttingHowtoimproveyourwordpowerI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳（后缀）透入I.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜reservoir贮主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhostspace–occupyinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapyII.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspidMuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulationPrefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstandPrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivatednone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantiallyex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise)III.Compo