医学词汇构词法i[1][1]. Voc

•ByWangLanying•ForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabularyACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguideIII.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamicallyDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?BasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.1.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningformElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图Combiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciationMedicalTerminology•Systems•Organs•Tissues•CellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature70%15%15%123Essentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsThe2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabularyMedicalTerminology•I.Conversion•II.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gic•asymptomatic•antivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳•I.Conversion词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sympatheticblock•交感神经阻滞术,sympatheticnerve,sympathomimetic拟交感神经药；•capsule胶囊药,被膜•Reservoir贮主(zhu)•Toprotecttracheafromcollapsing•theuncompromisedhost不易受感染的宿主•space–occupyinglesion占位性病变Derivatives•Prefix:•ir-•il-•im-•mis-•irregularity,irresistable•illegal,•illiterate•immature•immobile•immodest•immorality•misbehavior•mislead•misfortune•misstate•mismanage•Prefix•Dis/dys-dishonest•dysphonia•disorder•dyspnea•disease•in-inexperienced•insufficiency•inadequate•inactivated•un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛•none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself•非抽烟者•非电解质•无应激实验•非溃疡性消化不良•非特异性免疫•无义突变•非自我的•ex-•exclusion•excretion•exhale•ex-president•ex-wife•exclude•排斥•排泄•呼气•前总统•前妻•排除在外•Suffix:n.•reliance•resistanceexistence•coldnessconsciousness•decision•collision•inclusion•treatment•encouragement•Adj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantially•V.-en.(a.+en)•whiten•widen•fasten(tie)•lengthen•shorten•worsen•weaken•brighten•lighten•-aln.•survival•refusal•arrival•proposal•withdrawal•removal•(butnot:compose,compromise)Compounds•Roots•Organsandtheirrootsliver→hepato/a-lung→pulmono-kidney→reno-/nephro-heart→cardio-nerve→neuro-•spleen→splen(o)•brain→cerebro-•head→cephal(o)•eye→ophthalm/•skin→dermo-•ear→oto-(otology)•chest→thorac/o-•arteri/o→artery•vaso→vessel•no