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1.todo2.-ing3.-ed下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.(2007江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的,所以要用不定式,因此可排除A和B。另外,由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系,故选D。如:Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东卷)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Makingtocatchupthefirstbus.3.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_____,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的,所以用-ing作伴随状语;listento后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当时持续了一会儿,故用-ing。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,心想自己该怎么办。原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing.listento…do/doing…-ing形式作伴随状语与todo作目的状语的区别:作伴随状语的-ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher.(hope)2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock.(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,,原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式,其原则区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.(2007天津卷)A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如:Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱,造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山东卷)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006陕西卷)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.(2007浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根据句意,此处指的是“被听见”,故要用被动式,因此可排除B和C。另外,由于“设法被听见”为目的状语,动作在当时尚未发生,故用不定式,即选A。11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后应接-ing,desks与openandclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,又因couldbeheard,所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。ofastrangerhiseyessittingseatvt.fixone’seyesupon…=Iwasseated.Iseatedmyself.=IsatdownTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.这是一个已经讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要讨论的问题。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.(已经完成的被动动作)Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(正在进行的被动动作)Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(将要进行的被动动作)discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed已经正在将要原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,_____.(2006陕西卷)A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.(2005全国卷III)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因为watching的逻辑主语一定是人,排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了to的不定式,所以选项D中的rings是错误的。watchingfacedwith(be)facedwith…原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式)14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.(2005湖北卷)A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因为Australia与separate是被动关系,且separate发生在谓语动词has之前,所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。15.Themanager,_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.(2005江西卷)A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因为Themanager与make是主动关系,且make发生在谓语left之前,所以用-ing的完成式作状语,havingmade...相当于whohadmade...的意思。lefthas16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABisSbissaidtodo…据说…原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.(2006上海卷)A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waitthemeetingthedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.(2007湖南卷)A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.—Agreed!(2007全国I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arrivingThingsThelastonelosevt.losesb/sth注:受thefirst,thesecond...thelast修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.你是第二个犯这错误的人。二.非谓语动词解题四大步骤(一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunder
本文标题:非谓语动词解题原则与技巧
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