非谓语动词讲解稿[1]

语法一非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词A:是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分B:不受制于主语，没有人称和数的变化C：种类非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.状语定语状语宾语(宾语)补语定语动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciateimagineresist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envyriskpardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowfishinghere.我们不准在这儿钓鱼。Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。prefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithoutspeaking.②Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.③Areyouusedtolivingtherealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn`thelplaughing.⑤Idon`tfeellikegoingtoseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusypreparinghislessons.③主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+stand(经受)+doingbear(忍受)be+past(超过)beworth(值得)be+inneedof(需要)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义e.g.①Theroomwantscleaning.②Themethodneedsimproving.③Thispairofshoesispastmending.④Theproblemisinneedofworkingout.⑤Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing4）既可接动名词也可接动词不定式的一些词的辨析a)remember后跟动名词表示“记得曾做过某事”；后跟不定式表示“要记住去做某事”。例如Irememberedgivingyouthebookthismorning.我记得今天早上把书还给了你。Youmustremembertogiveherthebooktomorrow.你必须记着明天把书给她。b)forget后跟动名词标号司“做过某事而忘记了”；后跟不定式表示“忘记了而不曾做某事”。c)regret后跟动名词表示对已做过的事情后悔；后跟不定式表示对现在正在做或要去做的事情后悔。d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；OthersExamples3）作表语:S.+be+doingMyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Mygreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.4）作定语:S.+v.+doing+n.Doesheworkinthereading-room?Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.Hisgrandfatherhasabamboowalkingstick.四.动名词的时态和语态1.完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidn’tmindbeingcalledahousewife五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:e.g.①Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.②Doyoumindmysmoking?2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:e.g.①I`msureofhimcomingontime.②Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemoutains句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等常见动词有：Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).2).不定式做动词tell,teach,know,show,findout,discove