非谓语动词语法讲解PPT

考点一、疑问词＋不定式结构常见的疑问词有who,which,when,where,how,what等。疑问词＋不定式结构在句子当中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。[例1]I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。考点二连词+doingsth/doneWhenlearningaforeignlanguage,weremembermorewords.=whenwelearnaforeignlanguage,weremembermorewords.睡觉的时候，你最好把音乐开小一点。You’dbetterturndownthemusicwhensleeping./whenyouaresleeping.进行听力训练时，请用磁带录音机。Useyourtaperecorderwhendoinglisteningpractice./whenyouaredoingexercises.例二、When_______help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A．offeringB．toofferC．tobeofferedD．offeredwhen+doingsth/donewhenhe/sheisofferedhelp(2002上海)Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinthoughlackingmoney=thoughtheylackedmoney_______forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建)A.BlamingB.lamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamedsbbeblamedforsth某人为某事承担责任考点三分词放在句首，或在逗号后面作状语的形式______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(四川)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Tofacesbbefacedwith（被迫）面对什么______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（NMET2001）A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDon‘tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.（2002上海）A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownbeknowntosbDon‘tusewords,expressions,orphraseswhichareknownonlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（2004上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltTheflowerswhichsmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.考点四分词做后置定语Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_________.（2004上海春）A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted考点五分词做状语“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,__________away.（2005全国卷三）A．runB．runningC．torunD．ranIoftenhearhimsingingthissong.Ioftenhearthissongsung.Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.1.Findinghercarstolen,_________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelpD考点六分词的逻辑主语问题考点七在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称独立结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)分词的独立主格结构Thejobfinished,wewenthome.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentswimming.Hebeingabsent,nothingcouldbedone.当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，要给出它自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。相当于：Afterthejobwasfinished,wewenthome.Becausetheweatherwasfine,wewentswimming.Becausehewasabsent,nothingcouldbedone.考点八有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，suggest，deny等。考点九有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember，mean，regret，stop，try等。1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stoptodo停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事3）remembertodo记住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5）trytodo努力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试一试某种办法6)meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味着7）goontodo继而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建议（做某事）It’snogood/usedoingThere’snodoing…不可能…There’snoknowing.There’snotellingwhenhewillbeback.There’snojoking.介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do则except/but后接不带to的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to。Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews.ThemancandoeverythingbutspeakFrench.动词want,need,require,deserve等和形容词worth后接V-ing形式的主动形式作宾语，表示被动关系，如接不定式时，则必须用被动形式。即needdoing=needtobedone以下短语中to为介词，接名词，代词或V-ing作宾getdownto开始认真（做某事）lookforwardtostickto坚持turnto翻到，求助于seeto照顾；处理devoteoneselftobeusedto(doingsth.)…