高一英语人教课标必修1Unit5定语从句简述

1.何为定语从句？•定语从句—AttributiveClause•定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫定语从句。•定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。如1.Themanwho(that)camefirstisJohn.修饰名词man2.Thehandkerchiefwhich(that)yougavemewasn’tclean.修饰名词handkerchief3..Myfatherdoesmorningexerciseeveryday,whichisgoodforhishealth.修饰整个句子2.定语从句的构成定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词，而引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。如：Therewasayoungmanwholikedpaintings.句中，who为关系代词，定语从句wholikedpaintings修饰先行词ayoungman。再如：ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.句中，where为关系副词，定语从句whereIlivedlastyear修饰先行词thehouse。3.关系词以及注意点关系代词有which,that,who(m),whose;关系副词有when,where,why注意：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中担任一定的成分，又把两个句子连接起来，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。例如：两个简单句Thankyoufortherecord.+Yougavemetherecord.主从复合句Thankyoufortherecordwhich(that)yougaveme.Thankyoufortherecordwhich(that)yougavemetherecord.(F)Thankyoufortherecordwhich(that)yougaveittome.(F)说明：关系代词which/that代替前面的先行词therecord,已经在从句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加therecord或it就重复了。4.关系词如何用？•关系代词•当关系代词在从句中作主语时，指人用关系代词who，that;指物用which,that.如：Themanwho/thatsatbesidemewasexcited.Thecarwhich/thatisoverthereismyfavorite.•当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，指人用关系代词whom/that/who(非正式）,指物用关系代词which/that,口语中可以省略。如：Thedoctorwhom/that/shevisitedisfamous.Theblousewhich/that/shetriedonwassmall.•当关系代词在从句中作定语，表示所有关系时，用whose(既指人也指物）如：Iliveinahousewhosedoorfaceswest.Iknowawomanwhosedaughterdied.4.关系词如何用？•注意：在下列情况下，无论关系代词在定语从句中是作主语还是宾语，指人还是指物，都用that•1.先行词带有最高级形容词，或有only,all等词修饰时；如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Youaretheonlypersonthatcanhelpme.•2.先行词为all,something,anything等不定代词时；如：Youcantakeanythingthatyoulike.AllthatIhaveisgivenbymyparents.•3.先行词既指人又指物时；如：Doyouknowthepeopleandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?4.关系词如何用？•关系副词关系副词when,where,why分别表示时间，地点和原因，在定语从句中起状语的作用。如：Hetoldmethedatewhenthemeetingwouldbeheld.(相当于onwhich)Thisistheplacewhereheworks.(相当于atwhich)Nooneknowsthereasonwhyhesuddenlydied.•注意：如果先行词是reason，关系词为why,that或省略。Thereasonwhy/that/hechangedhismindisnotclear.Thereasonwhy/that/shedidn’tgetthejobwasthatherEnglishwasnotgood.5.更多的例句1.Thehousewhich(that)standsonthehillismine.山上的那所房子是我的。（关系代词在从句中作主语）2.Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.我认识那个父母双亡的小男孩。（关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰parents)3.ThisistheparkwhereIlostmywallet.这就是我丢失钱包的公园。（关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于there/inthepark.)4.Hedecidedtomovetoabigcitywherehecouldfindabetterjob.他决定移居到一个可以找到更好工作的大城市。5.Thewomanwho(that)isspeakingatthemeetingismymother.正在会上讲话的妇女是我的妈妈。6.基础练习把下面的句子改成定语从句：1.Iknowtheboy.HecanspeakEnglishwell.2.Maryboughtalittlebird.Itwasverypretty.3.Theseasonissummer.Itcomesafterspring.4.Ihaveafriend.Hisfatherisateacher5.Thatbuildingismyuncle’shouse.Itswalliswhite.6.Heisasinger.Ilikehissongsverymuch.7.ThemanwasAmerican.Ispoketohimyesterday.8.Ican’tfindthehouse.Myfriendlivesinit.9.Iknowtheboy.Youarelookingforhim.10.Thisisthetown.Hewasborninthetown.6.基础练习选择:1.Isthatthehouse__youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.Which2.Isthatthepicture__youarelaughingat?A.WhichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook__I’lleverread.A.whichB.that4.Thestreet----istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.whichKey:1.B2.A3.B4.B6.基础练习5.Theperson__findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.where7.Theboy__motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.WhoB.Whose8.Tellmethereason__youarelate.A.whichB.whyKey:5.A6.B7.B8.B6.基础练习填空：1.Lookatthatlady___nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher___Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures___weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those___willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney___Ihad.6.Tomisthefirstboy___lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog___arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook___Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear___IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,___westayedfor2hours.Key.1.whose2.whom/that/3.which/that4.who5.that6.that7.that8.that/9.when10.where6.基础练习•翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方.Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩Idon’tknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩.SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友.Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?